基于生态系统服务的流域分区规划与管理——以于桥水库流域为例  

Watershed zoning and management based on ecosystem services:a case study of Yuqiao Reservoir watershed

作　　者：张海洋 杨琰瑛 刘凯 周滨 苏德岳 马成 师荣光 ZHANG Haiyang;YANG Yanying;LIU Kai;ZHOU Bin;SU Deyue;MA Cheng;SHI Rongguang(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China;Tianjin Yuqiao Reservoir Management Center,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]农业农村部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室,天津300191 [4]天津市生态环境科学研究院,天津300191 [5]天津市于桥水库管理中心,天津300074

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第5期1028-1039,共12页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(2023-CAAS-CXGC-SRG);国家自然科学基金项目(42001264)。

摘　　要：量化关键生态系统服务的空间分布格局,分析生态系统服务间权衡协同关系,对流域环境进行生态功能的规划分区,将有助于实现流域精细化管理。本研究以典型跨省市农业流域——于桥水库流域为例,借助InVEST模型对2020年流域内农业和环境的6种关键生态系统服务(粮食产量、氮输出、磷输出、固碳量、产水量和土壤保持)进行模拟,分析其空间分布特征,然后采用Spearman相关系数法判断生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系,最后运用K-means聚类法识别生态系统服务簇,根据生态系统服务簇的特征对流域进行分区规划,并提出差异化管理措施。结果表明:产水量高值区主要分布在流域中北部地区,粮食产量、氮输出、磷输出的高值区主要分布在流域中南部,土壤保持和固碳服务的高值区则主要分布在流域的西北部。氮输出、磷输出与粮食产量,土壤保持与固碳服务互为协同关系(P<0.01),而粮食产量服务与土壤保持服务间存在较强的权衡关系(P<0.05)。根据子流域的生态系统服务特征,将于桥水库流域划分为粮食生产区、水源保护区、森林生态区和综合发展区4个功能区,分别占流域面积的22.32%、18.69%、29.30%和29.67%。最后,针对各分区内不同情况,提出了相应的管理措施建议,并建议今后将管理重心放在水库北岸的生态治理和区域内的农业面源污染治理。Quantifying the spatial distribution pattern of key ecosystem services(ESs),analyzing the trade-offs among ESs,and zoning the ecological functions are important for achieving fine-grained management of the watershed.This study simulated the spatial distribution of six key ESs,including grain yield,nitrogen export,phosphorus export,carbon sequestration,water yield,and soil retention of the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed in 2020,which is a typical interprovincial agricultural watershed in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using the InVEST model.Spearman correlation was used to judge the trade-offs and synergies among ESs.Watershed zoning was decided using K-means clustering to identify the ES bundles.Suggestions for appropriate management were proposed accordingly.The results showed that the six ESs showed distinct spatial patterns in the Yuqiao Reservoir watershed.Water yield was mainly located in the central urban and northern mountainous areas.Grain yield,nitrogen and phosphorus exports were mainly distributed in the central and southern plains.Soil retention and carbon storage occurred mainly in the northwestern mountainous area.Synergies were found among nitrogen export,phosphorus export,and grain yield(P<0.01).soil retention and carbon sequestration were also showed synergistic(P<0.01).While,there was a strong trade-off between grain yield and soil retention(P<0.05).The Yuqiao Reservoir watershed can be divided into four districts with different ES bundles in 2020:grain production zone,water source protection zone,forest ecological zone,and comprehensive development zone,accounting for 22.32%,18.69%,29.30%,and 29.67%of the watershed,respectively.In the future,watershed management should focus on the ecological management of the north bank of the reservoir and control of the agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 权衡 协同 流域规划 水源保护 于桥水库 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]