三叶木通种子形态、解剖及萌芽生物学特性的研究  

Study on the Biological Characteristics of Morphology,Anatomy and Germination of Akebia trifoliate Seeds

作　　者：赵小琴 曹运梅 段佳欣 蔡小东[1] ZHAO Xiaoqin;CAO Yunmei;DUAN Jiaxin;CAI Xiaodong(Spice Crops Research Institute,College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434025,China;Jingzhou Jiazhiyuan Biotechnology Co.,Ltd,Jingzhou Hubei 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学园艺园林学院/香辛作物研究院,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆州佳之源生物科技有限公司,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《种子》2023年第8期74-80,共7页Seed

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA096)。

摘　　要：为了解三叶木通种子的形态、解剖及萌芽生物学特性,以野生三叶木通新鲜种子为材料,系统开展种子的形态特征、解剖结构、吸水特性、发芽特性和脱水敏感性等方面研究。结果表明,三叶木通种子黑褐色,扁长椭圆形或扁椭圆形,千粒重为62.29 g,长度、宽度、厚度分别为8.62 mm、5.80 mm、3.21 mm,种子的形态差异较大。种子由种皮、种阜、胚乳、胚组成,胚乳丰富,种胚直生。种胚由子叶、胚轴、胚芽、胚根组成,长度为3.01 mm。破皮处理可极显著提高种子的吸水率,促进种子萌发,表明三叶木通种子存在因种皮机械阻碍引起的休眠特性。湿沙层积温度对三叶木通种子发芽率有显著的影响,最佳温度为16℃,种子发芽率高达80.87%。种子活力随干燥时间的延长而不断下降,硅胶干燥脱水至第96小时时种子活力仅为11.2%,表明三叶木通种子为脱水敏感性种子。With an aim to clarify the biological characteristics of morphology,anatomy and germination of Akebia trifoliata seeds,the fresh seeds were used as materials in this study and morphological characteristics,anatomical structure,water absorption characteristics,germination characteristics,and dehydration sensitivity of the seeds were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the seeds were oblong or oblate with a dark brown color,and had a 1000-grain-weight of 62.29 g.The length,width,and thickness of the seeds were 8.62 mm,5.80 mm and 3.21 mm,respectively,and the morphological characteristics varied greatly.The seed was composed of seed coat,caruncle,endosperm and embryo,and contained abundant endosperm with a straight embryo.The seed embryo contained four parts namely cotyledon,hypocotyl,embryo and radicle,with a length of 3.01 mm.The damage treatment to seed coat could extremely significantly increase the water absorption rate and promote the germination rate of the seeds,which indicated that the A.trifoliata seeds had dormancy characteristics caused by the mechanical hindrance of seed coat.Wet sand stratification temperature had a significant impact on the germination rate of A.trifoliata seeds,and the optimum temperature for seed germination was 16℃during stratification and seed germination rate reached 80.81%.The vigor of the seeds decreased with the drying time,and the seed vigor was only 11.2%when treating by silica gel for 96 hours,which indicating that A.trifoliata seeds were dehydration-sensitive.

关 键 词：三叶木通 种子 吸水率 解剖结构 脱水敏感性 

分 类 号：S663[农业科学—果树学] S567[农业科学—园艺学]