湖北省设施蔬菜种植现状及建议  

Current situation and suggestions of protected vegetable planting in Hubei Province

作　　者：王宇航 李迪 谭启玲 胡承孝 孙学成 王小平[2] 别之龙[3] WANG Yu-hang;LI Di;TAN Qi-ling;HU Cheng-xiao;SUN Xue-cheng;WANG Xiao-ping;BIE Zhi-long(College of Resources and Environment/Hubei Engineering Laboratory of New Fertilizer,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [3]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2023年第9期81-87,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201000)。

摘　　要：为了解湖北省设施蔬菜种植区域土壤肥力、施肥现状及存在的问题,对湖北省5个代表性地区的设施蔬菜施肥调查数据进行分析。结果表明,85.54%种植户每茬施用有机肥,以鸡粪(含未腐熟)和商品有机肥为主,分别占有机肥种类的39.34%和46.95%。荆门市、咸宁市和武汉市商品有机肥施用量分别远超过农业农村部推荐设施蔬菜商品有机肥施用量上限的497.62%、186.14%和109.97%,宜昌市、襄阳市商品有机肥施用量分别低于其下限的16.15%、63.33%;化肥施用量高低表现为宜昌市>荆门市>武汉市>咸宁市>襄阳市。湖北省设施蔬菜核心示范区基地土壤有机质含量为13.46~44.46 g/kg,土壤pH为4.84~7.54,土壤含盐量为1.02~3.56 g/kg,部分土壤酸性盐渍化。土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量分别为48.89~168.47 mg/kg、110.00~579.22 mg/kg,低中高水平均存在;土壤速效磷、有效锌、交换性钙、镁含量丰富;土壤有效铜含量极缺乏。湖北省设施蔬菜施肥存在化肥投入过量、养分比例失调、有机农家肥未完全腐熟及中微量元素肥料施用不足、施肥方式不当等问题。建议通过改进施肥方式,合理施用有机肥,减少化肥施用量,调整化肥施用比例,重视中微量元素投入,开发推广蔬菜专用肥等方式解决上述问题。In order to understand the current situation and problems of soil fertility and fertilization in the cultivated vegetable areas in Hubei Province,the data of cultivated vegetable fertilization in 5 representative areas in Hubei Province were analyzed.The results showed that 85.54%of farmers applied organic fertilizer to each crop,mainly chicken manure(including undecomposed)and commercial organic fertilizer,accounting for 39.34%and 46.95%of organic fertilizer types respectively.Jingmen City,Xianning City and Wuhan City far exceeded the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended the upper limit of organic fertilizer application for vegetable commodities in facilities by 497.62%,186.14%and 109.97%,respectively,while Yichang City and Xiangyang City were lower than lower limit by 16.15%and 63.33%,respectively.The level of fertilizer application was Yichang City>Jingmen City>Wuhan City>Xianning City>Xiangyang City.In Hubei Province,the soil organic matter content was 13.46~44.46 g/kg,the soil pH was 4.84~7.54,the soil salt content was 1.02~3.56 g/kg,and some soil was acidic salinization.Soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium contents were 48.89~168.47 mg/kg and 110.00~579.22 mg/kg,respectively,with low,medium and high levels.Soil was rich in available phosphorus,available zinc,exchangeable calcium and magnesium.The available copper content in soil was extremely lacking.In Hubei Province,there were some problems in vegetable fertilization,such as excessive fertilizer input,nutrient imbalance,incomplete decomposition of organic farm fertilizer,insufficient application of medium and trace elements fertilizer,and improper fertilization methods.It was suggested to solve the above problems by improving the way of fertilization,applying organic fertilizer reasonably,reducing the amount of fertilizer applied,adjusting the proportion of fertilizer applied,paying attention to the input of medium and trace elements,and developing and promoting special fertilizer for vegetables.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 有机肥 土壤肥力 养分失衡 湖北省 

分 类 号：S606[农业科学—园艺学] S63