宁波市新型冠状病毒再感染的流行病学特征及其影响因素  

Epidemiological characteristics of reinfection of 2019-nCoV and influencing factors in Ningbo

作　　者：褚衍茹 陈奕[1] 雷松 张言武 易波 马建明[3] 闫克栋[4] 王赟[5] 李保军 吕梦倩 许国章 张栋梁[1] Chu Yanru;Chen Yi;Lei Song;Zhang Yanwu;Yi Bo;Ma Jianming;Yan Kedong;Wang Yun;Li Baojun;Lyu Mengqian;Xu Guozhang;Zhang Dongliang(Ningbo Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315010,China;Ningbo Prefectural Health Commission,Ningbo 315010,China;Cixi County of Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315300,China;Zhenhai District of Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315200,China;Beilun District of Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315800,China;Haishu District of Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo 315010,China;Medical Department of Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市疾病预防控制中心,宁波315010 [2]宁波市卫生健康委员会,宁波315010 [3]宁波市慈溪市疾病预防控制中心,宁波315300 [4]宁波市镇海区疾病预防控制中心,宁波315200 [5]宁波市北仑区疾病预防控制中心,宁波315800 [6]宁波市海曙区疾病预防控制中心,宁波315010 [7]宁波大学医学部,宁波315211

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2023年第9期1402-1407,共6页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2021Z021);宁波市医疗卫生品牌学科(PPXK2018-10)。

摘　　要：目的分析新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)再感染的流行病学特征及其影响因素,为科学防控新冠病毒感染疫情提供依据。方法在中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病监测系统获取2020年1月1日至2022年11月30日宁波市新冠病毒既往感染者的资料,对其再感染状况进行问卷调查,采用多因素logistic回归分析性别、年龄、距初次感染时间间隔、新冠病毒疫苗接种剂次及基础疾病史对新冠病毒再感染的影响。结果共调查897例既往感染者,其中115例再感染者,再感染率为12.82%。再感染者两次感染间隔时间M(Q1,Q3)为1 052(504,1 056)d。单因素分析显示,年龄、新冠病毒疫苗接种剂次、初次感染变异株类型、距初次感染时间间隔、初次感染严重程度与再感染率有关(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,30~岁组再感染发生风险高于≥60岁组(OR=2.10,95%CI:1.11~3.97);距初次感染<6个月组无再感染发生,≥12个月组再感染发生风险高于6~个月组(OR=6.68,95%CI:3.46~12.90);初次感染严重程度为普通型和轻型者再感染发生风险高于无症状感染者(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.18~5.88;OR=2.79,95%CI:1.27~6.11)。结论距初次感染时间间隔是再感染风险的重要影响因素,6个月内出现再感染的概率较低。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reinfection of 2019-nCoV and influencing factors,and provide evidence for effective prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.Methods The incidence data of COVID-19 in Ningbo from January 1,2020 to November 30,2022 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance system of Chinese information system for disease control and prevention.The incidence of reinfection of 2019-nCoV was investigated by using questionnaire.logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influences of gender,age,time interval from the first infection,history of underlying disease,2019-nCoV vaccination dose and disease severity on the reinfection.Results A total of 897 previous 2019-nCoV infection cases were investigated,of which 115 experienced the reinfection of 2019-nCoV,the reinfection rate was 12.82%.The interval between the two infections M(Q1,Q3)was 1052(504,1056)days.Univariate analysis showed that age,2019-nCoV vaccination dose,history of underlying disease,type of 2019-nCoV variant causing the first infection,time interval from the first infection and severity of the first infection were associated with the reinfection rate(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for reinfection in age group 30-years was higher than that in age group≥60 years(OR=2.10,95%CI:1.11-3.97).No reinfection occurred in those with time interval from the first infection of<6 months,and the risk for reinfection was higher in those with the time interval of≥12 months than in those with the time interval of 6-months(OR=6.68,95%CI:3.46-12.90).The risk for reinfection was higher in the common or mild cases than in the asymptomatic cases(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.18-5.88;OR=2.79,95%CI:1.27-6.11).Conclusion The time interval from the first infection was an important influencing factor for the reinfection of 2019-nCoV,and the probability of the reinfection within 6 months was low.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 再感染 影响因素 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]