晋北地区15个苜蓿品种产量及品质分析  

Yield and quality analysis of 15 alfalfa varieties in North Shanxi Province

作　　者：杨芳[1] 梁海燕[1] 宋晓强 邓亚蕊 李海 YANG Fang;LIANG Hai-yan;SONG Xiao-qiang;DENG Ya-rui;LI Hai

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037008

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第18期119-123,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：山西省重点研发项目课题“晋北特色作物绿色生产关键技术研究与草畜田生态循环模式构建(项目编号:201703D211002-9)”;国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(项目编号:CARS-06-13.5-B6);国家重点研发计划项目子课题“草-畜-粮”平衡与地力提升的有机旱作农业模式构建技术(项目编号:2021YFD1901103-6)。

摘　　要：试验旨在筛选优异苜蓿育种材料,为晋北地区育种工作提供参考。选取15个苜蓿品种对其9个产量及品质性状进行变异性、主成分和聚类分析,并作出综合评价。结果表明,在同样的生态环境下,15个苜蓿品种的产量性状以鲜草产量的变异系数最大,品质性状以粗脂肪(EE)的变异系数最大。根据主成分分析可知,将粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、木质素(ADL)、EE含量、相对饲喂价值(RFV)、株高、干草产量、鲜草产量综合成为2个主成分因子,可代表苜蓿产量、品质性状74.142%的数据信息量,且在15个苜蓿品种中,评分最高的为甘农1号295.85。根据聚类分析结果可知,15个苜蓿品种可以聚为3个类群,第一类有甘农1号、中苜3号、阿迪娜、德国大叶、甘农7号、中苜1号、6010、金皇后、宁苜1号,第一类苜蓿品种的RFV最低,但产量和得分情况最高;第二类有甘农6号、巨能2号、皇后、甘农8号、陇东,其各性状除了EE含量最低,其他性状均在中间水平;第三类为太阳神,其产量和评分最低,但RFV最高。研究表明,第一类苜蓿品种更适合晋北农牧生态区种植,太阳神虽产量不佳,但品质表现突出,可在今后苜蓿育种工作中尝试进行产量方面改良培育。The experiment was to screen excellent alfalfa breeding materials and provide reference for breeding work in North Shanxi Province.The variability,principal component and cluster analysis of nine yield and quality traits of 15 alfalfa varieties were carried out and evaluated comprehensively.The results showed that under the same ecological environment,among the 15 alfalfa varieties,the variability of fresh grass yield was the largest in the yield characters,and the variability of EE was the largest in the quality characters.According to the principal component analysis,CP,NDF,ADF,ADL,EE content,RFV,plant height,hay yield and fresh grass yield were integrated into two principal component factors,which could represent 74.142%of the data information of yield and quality traits,and among the 15 varieties,the highest score was Gannong No.1,which was 295.85.Fifteen varieties were grouped into three groups by systematic clustering.The first group included Gannong No.1,Zhongmu No.3,Adina,German Da Ye,Gannong No.7,Zhongmu No.1,6010,Jinqeng and Ningmu No.1.Although RFV of the first group was the lowest,its yield and score were the highest.The second group include Gannong No.6,Juanneng No.2,Empress,Gannong No.8 and Longdong,all the characters were in the middle level except EE.The third group had only Helios,which had the lowest yield and score,but the highest RFV.The study indicates that the first type of alfalfa is more suitable for planting in agricultural and animal husbandry ecological area of North Shanxi Province,although the yield of Helios is not satisfactory,the quality is good,which can try to improve the yield of alfalfa breeding in the future.

关 键 词：苜蓿 产量性状 品质性状 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]