呼和浩特市4区5旗县气传致敏花粉调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City

作　　者：宁慧宇 蔡惠娇[3] 马婷婷 樊长娥[3] 吴东东 高凤英 孔凡 张福军 王荣 郭慧慧 马润兰 郑彩英 郝波 王洪田 张俊晶 张罗[13,14] 王学艳 Ning Huiyu;Cai Huijiao;Ma Tingting;Fan Change;Wu Dongdong;Gao Fengying;Kong Fan;Zhang Fujun;Wang Rong;Guo Huihui;Ma Runlan;Zheng Caiying;Hao Bo;Wang Hongtian;Zhang Junjing;Zhang Luo;Wang Xueyan(Department of Allergy,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100038,China;Allergy Center,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100038,China;Allergy Center,Hohhot First Hospital,Hohhot 010030,China;Department of Primary Health Care,Hohhot Health Committee,Hohhot 010010,China;Department of Allergy,Qingshuihe County Hospital,Hohhot 011600,China;Department of Allergy,Hohhot Huimin District Hospital,Hohhot 010030,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Ying Xin Road Office East Community Health Service Centre,Hohhot 010000,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Daxuexi Road Community Health Service Centre,Hohhot 010018,China;Department of Allergy and Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tumotezuoqi People′s Hospital,Hohhot 010100,China;Department of Allergy,Tuoketuo County Hospital,Hohhot 010200,China;Department of Allergy,Helingeer County Hospital,Hohhot 011500,China;Department of Allergy,Wuchuan County Hospital,Hohhot 011700,China;Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100730,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Allergic Diseases,Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应中心,北京100038 [2]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科,北京100038 [3]呼和浩特市第一医院变态反应中心,呼和浩特010030 [4]呼和浩特市卫生健康委基层卫生健康科,呼和浩特010010 [5]清水河县医院变态反应科,呼和浩特011600 [6]回民区医院变态反应科,呼和浩特010030 [7]迎新路东社区卫生服务中心检验科,呼和浩特010000 [8]大学西路社区卫生服务中心检验科,呼和浩特010018 [9]土默特左旗人民医院变态反应科和检验科,呼和浩特010100 [10]托克托县医院变态反应科,呼和浩特010200 [11]和林格尔县人民医院变态反应科,呼和浩特011500 [12]武川县医院变态反应科,呼和浩特011700 [13]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科和变态反应科,北京100730 [14]北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所过敏性疾病北京实验室,北京100005

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2023年第9期1364-1372,共9页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京融合医学发展基金会项目(RH-2022-JF16);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2022Z015);吴阶平医学基金会项目(320.6750.2022-02-29);国家卫生健康委医药卫生科技发展研究中心项目(WT2021DYP02);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2504100)。

摘　　要：目的探讨呼和浩特市4区5旗县气传主要致敏花粉的种类、数量及飘散规律。方法采用横断面研究,2021年8月1日至2022年7月31日,首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科在呼和浩特市4区(玉泉区、新城区、回民区和赛罕区)5旗县(托克托县、和林格尔县、土默特左旗、武川县、清水河县)采用重力法监测气传主要致敏花粉,在光学显微镜下鉴定花粉的种类和计数,并对花粉数据进行统计。结果呼和浩特市4区5旗县全年每个月均有气传致敏花粉飘散,年花粉量是24850~50154粒/1000 mm^(2),主要致敏花粉月分布呈现双峰,春季(3~5月份)以树木花粉为主,主要包括杨属(18.29%)、榆属(8.36%)、松属(6.20%)、柏科(5.23%)、桦木科(2.73%)、柳属(1.80%)、栎属(1.16%);夏秋季(7~9月份)以杂草花粉为主,主要包括蒿属(42.73%)、藜科/苋科(7.46%)、禾本科(2.26%)、葎草属/大麻属(0.60%)。结论呼和浩特市4区5旗县气传主要致敏花粉呈现春季和夏秋季两个高峰,春季以树木花粉为主,秋季以杂草花粉为主,蒿属花粉为呼和浩特市最主要致敏花粉。ObjectiveTo investigate the species,concentration and seasonal trends of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City.MethodsThe Department of allergy,Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University conducted a cross-sectional study about monitoring the airborne allergenic pollen from August 1,2021 to July 31,2022 by the gravitational method in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City,which include Yuquan District,Xincheng District,Huimin District,Saihan District,Tuoketuo County,Helingeer County,Tumotezuoqi County,Wuchuan County and Qingshuihe County.Daily pollens were counted and identified by optical microscopy,and the data were analyzed.ResultsThe airborne allergenic pollen was collected every month all year round in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot city.Through the whole year of the total quantity of pollens ranged from 24850 to 50154 grains per 1000 mm^(2) and two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed,which happened in spring(from March to May)and in summer and autumn(from July to September).In spring,the main pollens were tree pollens,which principally distributed in Populus pollen(18.29%),Ulmus pollen(8.36%),Pinus pollen(6.20%),Cupressaceae pollen(5.23%),Betulaceae pollen(2.73%),Salix pollen(1.80%)and Quercus pollen(1.16%).In summer and autumn,the main pollens were weed pollens,which mainly included Artemisia pollen(42.73%),Chenopodiaceae pollen or Amaranthaceae pollen(7.46%),Poaceae pollen(2.26%),Humulus pollen or Cannabis pollen(0.60%).ConclusionThere were two peaks of main airborne allergenic pollen in 4 districts and 5 counties of Hohhot City.In the spring peak of pollen,the main airborne pollens were tree pollens.In the summer and autumn peak of pollen,the main airborne pollens were weed pollens.The Artemisia pollen was the most major airborne pollen in this area.

关 键 词：花粉 过敏原 鼻炎 变应性 季节性 蒿属 

分 类 号：R593.1[医药卫生—内科学]