天津市某儿童医院8 092例儿童湿疹与荨麻疹患者过敏原特异性IgE检测分布特征的分析  

Analysis of distribution characteristics of specific immunoglobulin E in 8092 children with eczema and urticaria in a hospital of pediatric in Tianjin City

作　　者：娜仁[1] 沈永明[1] 司萍[1] 李会强[2] 张嘉懿[1] 郭文伟 谭欣 杨小慧 张蓓 郑力胜 Na Ren;Shen Yongming;Si Ping;Li Huiqiang;Zhang Jiayi;Guo Wenwei;Tan Xin;Yang Xiaohui;Zhang Bei;Zheng Lisheng(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tianjin Children′s Hospital/Tianjin University Children′s Hospital,Tianjin 300134,China;School of Medical Laboratory,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300203,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市儿童医院/天津大学儿童医院检验科,天津300134 [2]天津医科大学医学检验学院,天津300203

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2023年第9期1385-1390,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：本研究分析湿疹、荨麻疹患儿的过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)检测结果,比较不同疾病、性别、年龄患儿的过敏情况,为儿童湿疹、荨麻疹皮肤病的预防和治疗提供参考。采用回顾性研究,应用酶联免疫捕获法,对2019年12月至2021年8月就诊于天津市儿童医院皮肤科的8092例湿疹、荨麻疹患儿的血清样本做食物(10项)和吸入(10项)sIgE检测,采用χ^(2)检验分析湿疹、荨麻疹患儿不同性别、年龄组的过敏原分布特征。结果显示,8092例患儿中,湿疹比例64.42%(5213/8092),荨麻疹比例35.58%(2879/8092);过敏原sIgE阳性率66.65%(5393/8092),食物过敏原sIgE阳性率61.74%(4996/8092),吸入过敏原sIgE阳性率34.85%(2820/8092)。8092例患儿中,食物过敏原sIgE检出前三位依次为鸡蛋46.65%(3775/8092)、牛奶32.64%(2641/8092)、小麦面粉15.08%(1220/8092),吸入过敏原sIgE检出前三位依次为屋尘21.40%(1732/8092)、交链孢霉11.78%(953/8092)、粉尘螨7.33%(593/8092)。不同年龄,过敏原sIgE阳性率,食物组吸入组差异均具有统计学意义;食物过敏原中不同年龄组阳性率为<1岁48.92%(947/1936),1~3岁72.28%(2680/3708),4~6岁64.58%(919/1423),>6岁43.90%(450/1025);吸入过敏原中不同年龄组阳性率为<1岁17.67%(342/1936),1~3岁36.35%(1348/3708),4~6岁46.38%(660/1423),>6岁45.85%(470/1025)。湿疹和荨麻疹患儿过敏原sIgE阳性率前六位相同,依次为鸡蛋白蛋黄、牛奶、屋尘、小麦面粉、交链孢霉及粉尘螨,湿疹患儿与荨麻疹患儿血清过敏原sIgE≥4级的过敏原检出阳性率不同,且吸入过敏原交链孢霉、食物过敏原鸡蛋白蛋黄、小麦面粉、蟹、虾有统计学意义。综上,本研究能够在一定程度上反映湿疹、荨麻疹患儿的过敏原sIgE分布特征,不同年龄组中过敏原阳性率有明显差异,有必要根据分布特征和临床症状,合理规避高风险的过敏原,做好过敏性皮肤病的预防和诊疗。To investigate the common specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)in children with eczema and urticaria,compare the allergies in children with different diseases,genders and ages,and provide the scientific basis for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment.A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of eczema and urticaria and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from December 2019 to August 2021.A total of 8092 serum samples were tested for ten food allergens and ten inhaled allergens.The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay.The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes and ages and by the mass data.The results showed that the positive rate of eczema was 64.42%(5213/8092),and the urticaria was 35.58%(2879/8092).The positive rate of specific IgE was 66.65%(5393/8092),the food allergens was 61.74%(4996/8092),and the inhaled allergens was 34.85%(2820/8092).The top three positive rates of food allergens were egg 46.65%(3775/8092),milk 32.64%(2641/8092)and wheat flour 15.08%(1220/8092).The top three positive rates of inhaled allergens were house dust 21.40%(1732/8092),Alternaria 11.78%(953/8092)and Dermatophagoides farinae 7.33%(593/8092).The positivity of food allergens and inhaled allergens was significantly different in different age groups.The positive rates of food allergens in different age groups were 48.92%(947/1936)in<1 year old,72.28%(2680/3708)in 1-3 years old,64.58%(919/1423)in 4-6 years old and 43.90%(450/1025)in>6 years old.The positive rates of inhaled allergens in different age groups were 17.67%(342/1936)in<1 year old,36.35%(1348/3708)in 1-3 years old,46.38%(660/1423)in 4-6 years old and 45.85%(470/1025)in>6 years old.The top six positive rates of allergens of eczema were the same with urticaria,which were egg,milk,house dust,wheat flour,Alternaria and Dermatophagoides farinae.The allergens(greater than or equal to grade

关 键 词：变应原 湿疹 荨麻疹 儿童 

分 类 号：R758.2[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]