老龄化背景下城乡老年人健康关注度的差异分析  

Analysis of differences in health awareness among urban and rural elderly population under the background of aging

作　　者：姚秀钰[1] 李子豪 张一 郑子悦 周滢[1] Yao Xiuyu;Li Zihao;Zhang Yi;Zheng Ziyue;Zhou Ying(School of Nursing,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院护理学院,北京100144

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2023年第9期1418-1425,共8页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京协和医学院护理学院科研立项项目(PUMCSON202315);北京协和医学院研究生创新课题(2019-1002-93)。

摘　　要：目的探讨城乡老年人健康关注度的现状、差异及其影响因素。方法采用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选择相关指标对城乡老年人健康关注度进行描述,从社会人口学特征和健康状况两个方面比较城乡老年人健康关注度的差异,采用多因素logistic回归模型进行城乡老年人健康关注度影响因素的分析。结果共纳入城乡老年人7758名,包括城市老年人1913例,农村老年人5845例。半数(3899,50.3%)老年人的健康关注度处于一般水平,城乡老年人间有所差异(χ^(2)=186.61,P<0.05)。不同特征的城乡老年人健康关注度不同,身患两种以上疾病的农村老年人健康关注度更高(χ^(2)=13.71,P=0.001),不同居住类型的城市老年人健康关注度不同(χ^(2)=28.96,P<0.001)。回归分析显示,城乡老年人健康关注度受多方面因素的影响,性别(OR=1.51,P<0.001)、健康状况(OR=2.18,P<0.001)、认知功能损伤情况(OR=2.93,P<0.001)、抑郁情况(OR=0.49,P<0.001)是影响城乡老年人健康关注度差异的主要因素。是否领取退休金是农村老年人健康关注度的影响因素(OR=0.63,P<0.05);是否残疾是城市老年人健康关注度的影响因素(OR=2.11,P<0.05)。结论城乡老年人健康关注度有较大提升空间,建议加大对农村老年人的经济保障,重点关注城市残疾老年人,以进一步提升老年群体健康状况。ObjectiveTo explore the status quo,differences and influencing factors of health concern among the elderly in urban and rural areas.MethodsThe data of China Health and Retirement Tracking Survey(CHARLS)in 2018 were used to describe the health concerns of the elderly in urban and rural areas by selecting relevant indicators.The differences of health concerns of the elderly in urban and rural areas were compared from two aspects of social demographic characteristics and health status.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the health concern of the elderly in urban and rural areas.ResultsA total of 7758 urban and rural elderly were included,including 1913 urban elderly and 5845 rural elderly.Half(3899,50.3%)of the elderly are at the average level of health concern,and there is a difference between urban and rural elderly(χ^(2)=186.61,P<0.05).The rural and urban elderly with different characteristics had different health concerns.The rural elderly with more than two diseases had higher health concerns(χ^(2)=13.71,P=0.001),and different living types of urban elderly people have different health concerns(χ^(2)=28.96,P<0.001).Regression analysis showed that the health concern of the elderly in urban and rural areas was affected by many factors,gender(OR=1.51,P<0.001),health status(OR=2.18,P<0.001),cognitive function impairment(OR=2.93,P<0.001),depression(OR=0.49,P<0.001)is the main factor affecting the difference of health attention of the elderly in urban and rural areas.Whether to receive pension was the influential factor of health concern of the rural elderly(OR=0.63,P<0.05);Disability was an influential factor in the health concern of the urban elderly(OR=2.11,P<0.05).ConclusionThere is much room to improve the health attention of the elderly in urban and rural areas.It is suggested to increase the economic security of the elderly in rural areas and pay special attention to the disabled elderly in urban areas,so as to further improve the health status of the elderly grou

关 键 词：老龄化 健康关注度 老年人 城乡差异 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]