吉林望天鹅自然保护区大型真菌多样性  

Species diversity of macrofungi in Wangtian’e Nature Reserve,Jilin Province

作　　者：辛琪 Tom Hsiang 李玉[1] 朱兆香[1] 刘淑艳[1] XIN Qi;Tom Hsiang;LI Yu;ZHU Zhaoxiang;LIU Shuyan(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Guelph,Guelph N1G 2W1,Ontario,Canada)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春1301182 [2]Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Guelph,Guelph N1G 2W1,Ontario,Canada

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第9期1876-1888,共13页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0107800);吉林省科技计划(20230402021GH)。

摘　　要：望天鹅自然保护区位于长白山南坡,孕育了极为丰富的生物资源。本研究对望天鹅自然保护区中的大型真菌资源进行了详细调查,作者于2019-2021年在该保护区内共采集大型真菌1425份。结合形态学及分子系统学方法鉴定出大型真菌161种,隶属于2门7纲17目48科101属,其中包含1个中国新记录种帝王鹅膏Amanita regalis。该保护区内的大型真菌优势科(物种数≥10)为4个,轴腹菌科Hydnangiaceae、红菇科Russulaceae、小菇科Mycenaceae和多孔菌科Polyporaceae,含48种,占该保护区物种总数的29.81%。优势属(物种数≥5)为5个,分别是小菇属Mycena、乳菇属Lactarius、红菇属Russula、靴耳属Crepidotus和湿伞属Hygrocybe,含31种,占该保护区物种总数的19.25%。对不同生态类型的大型真菌进行统计,发现针阔混交林型特有种为65种,阔叶林特有种15种,针叶林特有种20种,3种林型共有种为25种。α多样性指数显示在所调查的3种林型中,针阔混交林型的物种丰富度和物种多样性指数最高,针叶林型物种分布最均匀。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明,保护区内有食用菌59种,药用菌42种,食药兼用菌26种,毒菌27种。以上研究结果将为该地区大型真菌资源的保护、合理开发和利用提供理论依据。Wangtian’e Nature Reserve is located in the southern part of Changbai Mountains,with rich biological resources.The survey of diversity of macrofungi in Wangtian’e Nature Reserve was carried out and 1425 specimens were collected from 2019 to 2021.Based on the morphological identification and molecular systematics,161 species were identified,belonging to 101 genera,48 families,17 orders,7 classes,and 2 phyla,including one new Chinese record Amanita regalis.Among them,the 48 species of 4 predominant families,Hydnangiaceae,Russulaceae,Mycenaceae,and Polyporaceae,accounted for around 29.81%of the total species,and 31 species of 5 dominant genera,Mycena,Lactarius,Russula,Crepidotus,and Hygrocybe,occupied 19.25%of the total species.Species of macrofungi in three different vegetation types of Wangtian’e Nature Reserve were analyzed.Plus,65,15,and 20 species were specific in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,broad-leaved forest,and the coniferous forest,respectively,and 25 species were in common to the three vegetation types.The alpha diversity index showed that the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest had the highest species richness and species diversity index,and the coniferous forest had the most uniform species distribution.The evaluation of macrofungal resources showed that 59 species were edible,42 medicinal,27 poisonous,and 26 simultaneously edible and medicinal.This study provided valuable information for the conservation,development,and utilization of macrofungal resources in this area.

关 键 词：物种多样性 优势科属 应用价值 α多样性分析 新记录种 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]