景观生态重建与事前保护:德国土地复垦立法的规程启示  

Landscape Ecological Reconstruction and Prior Protection:Regulations Enlightenment from German Land Reclamation Legislation

作　　者：赵谦[1] 董亚辉 ZHAO Qian;DONG Yahui

机构地区：[1]西南大学法学院 [2]西南大学法学院“公法与国家治理研究中心”

出　　处：《中德法学论坛》2022年第1期103-123,共21页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“新时代中国特色土地管理法律制度完善研究”(18ZDA151)。

摘　　要：我国土地复垦在土壤修复、生态重建、可持续性发展等方面的行为规则上,与德国土地复垦具有一定的相似性。德国土地复垦立法强调从景观生态重建目标的内涵、外延到事前保护的预置皆完成体系化的复垦规程设定。可借鉴其复垦行为规则特色,尝试厘清我国土地复垦立法在目标、预置规则面向的规范完善进路。应基于对复垦目标从内涵要素、规范构造到公民个体保护意识、土壤保护规程的相对完备设定,推动我国直观的初阶复垦目标规范设定与隐含的进阶复垦目标规范设定导向景观生态重建目标定位;应基于事前保护型复垦模式的义务预设考量与在事前保护型复垦规划计划预设规定中的行为手段、结果考量,依托损毁土地事实认定规范设定与生态系统指标预设规范设定来确立全流程治理复垦模式。China's land reclamation has certain similarities with German land reclamation in its behavioral rules in terms of soil remediation,ecological recon-struction and sustainable development.German land reclamation legislation empha-sizes the setting of systematic reclamation regulations from the connotation and ex-tension of the target of landscape ecological reconstruction to the preset of prior protection.We can learn from the feature of its reclamation behavior rules and try to clarify the perfect route of norms of China's land reclamation legislation in the target and preset rules.We should promote the intuitive setting of primary stage reclamation target norms and the implicit setting of advanced stage reclamation tar-get norms to achieve the positioning of landscape ecological reconstruction targets based on the relatively complete setting of reclamation targets from connotation ele-ments and normative structure to citizens'individual protection consciousness and soil protection regulations.We should establish the whole process governance recla-mation mode by setting the fact identification norms for destroyed land and the pre-set norms of the ecosystem indicators based on the consideration of the obligation preset in prior protection reclamation mode and the consideration of the behavioral means,behavioral result in the prior protection reclamation planning and projecting preset.

关 键 词：土地复垦 目标规则 预置规则 复垦目标 复垦模式 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学]