保证保险法律性质的再考察及相关理论问题的新展开  

Eine neue Untersuchung der rechtlichen Aspekte der Kautionsversicherung und der damit verbundenen theoretischen Erorterungen

作　　者：岳卫[1] 潘为 YUE Wei;PAN Wei

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]平安集团

出　　处：《中德法学论坛》2022年第2期20-39,共20页

摘　　要：国家大力发展普惠金融的政策背景下,保证保险作为助力中小企业获得贷款的重要担保手段得以迅速发展。保证保险是以承保信用风险为标的的财产保险,故当然兼具担保与保险之双重法律属性。但于法律适用问题上,其并非仅适用保险法或仅适用担保制度之非此即彼关系,而是应当根据纠纷的不同予以类型化处理。在保证保险合同缔结过程中,若保险人存在未明确说明等信息披露违反义务者,应按照民法有关欺诈、胁迫等意思表示瑕疵相关规定处理,其法律效果为可撤销,同时保证保险合同与贷款合同为性质完全不同的两个法律关系,不应定性为“强制搭售”。保险人与投保人之间约定有违约金的,从压力手段这一功能出发,其效力应当予以肯定,但包括违约金在内的全体费用不应超过金融借贷的法定贷款利率,以维护借款人的合法权益。In the context of China's advocacy for inclusive financing,guarantee insurance has emerged as a crucial instrument assisting small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in securing loans,thus experiencing rapid growth.Guarantee insurance is a form of property insurance premised on underwriting credit risks,which inherently embodies the dual legal characteristics of both a guarantee and insurance.However,in legal terms,guarantee insurance does not exclusively apply to either insurance law or guarantee regulations.Instead,it is subject to different legal applications depending on the type of dispute involved.In instances where the insurer is found to have violated disclosure obligations during the conclusion of a guarantee insurance contract,such as failing to clarify stipulations explicitly,the contract applies to relevant provisions in the civil law concerning the flaw of declaration of intention,such as fraud and coercion.The legal effect of such contracts can be revoked.It is also critical to recognize that a guarantee insurance contract and a loan contract represent two entirely distinct legal relationships and should not be categorized as“forced bundling”.In instances where a penalty clause for contract breach has been agreed upon between the insurer and the insured,its validity should be affirmed,considering its role as a deterrent.However,in order to safeguard the borrower's legitimate rights,the total fees,including the penalties,shall not exceed the statutory rate for financial loans.

关 键 词：保证保险 强制搭售 法定利率 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]