高合金不锈轴承钢真空自耗熔炼数值模拟优化  

Numerical simulation of vacuum consumable arc melting optimization for high alloy stainless bearing steel

作　　者：王杨[1] 马党参[1] 杨卯生[1] 李京社[2] 杨树峰 WANG Yang;MA Dangshen;YANG Maosheng;LI Jingshe;YANG Shufeng(Special Steel Research Institute,Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司特殊钢研究院,北京100081 [2]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [3]北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国冶金》2023年第9期35-42,62,共9页China Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074030,52104318)。

摘　　要：为得到成分更均匀、更洁净的高合金不锈轴承钢产品,借助数值模拟的方法对某厂高合金不锈轴承钢真空自耗熔炼工艺展开优化研究。利用仿真软件MeltFlow-VAR从熔炼速率、熔池温度、冷却水温度对夹杂物粒子的分布影响等方面对真空自耗熔炼过程进行数值计算。结果表明,随着熔炼速率的升高,最大熔池深度增加,熔炼速率应大于3.0 kg/min为宜,结合枝晶间距和晶粒结构等结果考虑,得出最佳熔炼速率为3.5 kg/min;随着熔池温度的增加,最大熔池深度先增加后减小,当熔池温度为1 600℃时,熔池深度达到最大,熔池弧度曲线呈现饱满的碗形。通过数值计算预测了不同冷却水温度下铸锭内部夹杂物粒子的分布规律,工业试验验证了数值计算结果的准确性,得出最佳冷却水温度为25℃。研究结果对高合金不锈轴承钢生产具有一定指导意义。In order to obtain a more uniform and clean high alloy stainless bearing steel product,numerical simulation methods were used to optimize the vacuum consumable arc melting process of a certain factory′s high alloy stainless bearing steel.Using simulation software MeltFlow-VAR,numerical calculations were conducted on the vacuum consumable arc melting process from the perspectives of melting rate,melt pool temperature,and effect of cooling water temperature on the distribution of inclusion particles.The results indicate that as the melting rate increases,the maximum depth of molten pool increases,and the melting rate should be greater than 3.0 kg/min.Considering the results of dendrite spacing and grain structure,the optimal melting rate is determined to be 3.5 kg/min.As the temperature of molten pool increases,the maximum depth of molten pool first increases and then decreases.When the temperature of molten pool is 1600℃,the depth of molten pool reaches its maximum,and the arc curve of molten pool shows full bowl shape.The distribution of inclusion particles inside the ingot under different cooling water temperatures was predicted through numerical calculations,and industrial experiments were conducted to verify it.The optimal cooling water temperature is found to be 25℃.The research results have certain guiding significance for the production of high alloy stainless bearing steel.

关 键 词：轴承钢 数值模拟 真空自耗熔炼 夹杂物 熔池形状 

分 类 号：TF762.4[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]