外泌体在卵母细胞发育及相关疾病中的研究进展  

Research progress of exosomes in oocyte development and related diseases

作　　者：郁俐 沈青青 刘特[3] 郭玮 Yu Li;Shen Qingqing;Liu Te;Guo Wei(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Department of Laboratory Medicine,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China;Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属中山医院检验科,上海200032 [2]上海交通大学医学院检验系,上海200025 [3]上海市中医老年医学研究所,上海200031

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2023年第9期982-987,共6页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81772263,81972000,81902139,82202607);厦门市医疗卫生重点项目(YDZX20193502000002);复旦大学附属中山医院临床研究专项基金(2018ZSLC05);上海市临床重点专科建设项目(医学检验科)(shslczdzk03302);复旦大学附属中山医院青年基金(2020ZSQN34)。

摘　　要：外泌体是源自细胞膜系统的囊泡,起源于内体多囊泡体,释放到组织液中。外泌体作为细胞间通信的载体,含有蛋白质、脂质、源自其供体细胞质的编码或非编码RNA。卵泡是卵母细胞发育的重要微环境,在卵母细胞发育过程中,物质通过细胞外囊泡进行卵母细胞与卵泡周围卵丘和颗粒细胞之间的物质传递,从而调节卵母细胞的基因表达。在正常和病理条件下,外泌体由多种细胞释放,参与多种疾病的发生发展,可作为疾病的候选生物标志物及治疗干预的潜在目标。本文阐述了外泌体中的微小RNA、长链非编码RNA及环状RNA等成分在卵母细胞发育状态中的作用机制及其在卵巢、子宫相关生殖系统疾病如多囊卵巢综合征、卵巢癌、子宫内膜异位症中的变化。针对外泌体的检测可以深入了解卵母细胞发育状态,有助于疾病的预防、诊断和治疗。Exosomes are vesicles derived from the cell membrane system that originate from endosomal multivesicular bodies and are released into the tissue fluid.Exosomes serve as carriers for intercellular communication and contain proteins,lipids,coding or non-coding RNAs derived from their donor cytoplasm.The follicle is an important microenvironment for oocyte development.In the process of oocyte development,substances are transferred between the oocyte and the cumulus and granulosa cells around the follicle through the extracellular follicle,thereby regulating the gene expression in oocytes.Under normal and pathological conditions,exosomes are released by a variety of cells and participate in the occurrence and development of various diseases,and can be used as candidate biomarkers for diseases and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.The aim of this review is to present the mechanism of microRNA,long non-coding RNA and circular RNA in exosomes in the developmental state of oocytes and their role in ovarian and uterine related reproductive system diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome,ovarian cancer and endometriosis.The detection of exosomes can provide an in-depth understanding of the developmental status of oocytes,which is helpful for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

关 键 词：外泌体 微小RNA 长链非编码RNA 环状RNA 卵泡发育 

分 类 号：R711[医药卫生—妇产科学]