港口沉积物污染的生物修复研究进展  

Bioremediation of sediment pollution by microorganisms in harbor area

作　　者：刘海英 王鸣岐 LIU Haiying;WANG Mingqi(Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所,天津300456

出　　处：《水道港口》2023年第4期655-660,共6页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600900);中央级公益性科研院所科研创新基金项目(TKS20210214)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着海运业的发展,海洋中的污染物排放量急剧增加,对海洋生态系统造成严重的影响。沉积物是港口区域污染物主要的“汇”,港口沉积物污染现已逐渐成为港口海洋环境安全的重要威胁之一。目前,物理/化学修复方法虽已被广泛应用于港口沉积物的修复,但是对海洋环境的风险仍然不可避免。文章综述了微生物应用于港口沉积物重金属污染修复和有机污染修复的研究进展,以及微生物表面活性剂的应用前景。同时讨论了基于细菌和真菌的生物修复在港口沉积物修复中的潜力和制约,并描述了港口沉积物生物修复的场景。最终强调了多种修复方式耦合的综合修复方法的重要性,其为港口沉积物绿色修复提出新的思路。In recent years,with the rapid development of maritime transportation,the pollutant discharge in the ocean has sharply increased,causing serious damage to the marine ecosystem.Sediments are the main sinks of pollutants in port areas,and port sediment pollution has gradually become one of the important threats to the safety of port marine environment.At present,although physical/chemical remediation methods have been widely used,the risks to the marine environment are still unavoidable.This paper reviewed the studies of bioremediation on metal pollution and organic pollution in harbor areas,and the application prospect of microbial surfactant.At the same time,the potential and constrains based on bacteria and fungi in port sediment remediation were described.Finally,the importance of a comprehensive restoration method coupled with multiple restoration methods was emphasized,and new ideas were proposed for green remediation of sediments in harbor area.

关 键 词：港口沉积物 生物修复 细菌 真菌 生物表面活性剂 

分 类 号：U698[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]