生态破坏侵权归责原则的类型化配置  

Categorization Configuration of the Principles of Imputation of Ecological Damage Torts

作　　者：段小红 DUAN Xiao-hong

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第9期112-119,185,186,共10页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“整体系统观下生物多样性保护的法律规制研究”(19ZDA162)。

摘　　要：《民法典》规定,生态破坏侵权适用无过错责任,打破了自《民法通则》以来形成的过错归责体系,但存在生态破坏适用无过错责任范围边界不清等问题。造成上述问题的根源,在于单纯采取传统利益衡量配置归责原则,未能结合生态破坏致损科学机理对生态破坏侵权进行类型化分析。全面厘清生态破坏侵权归责原则,应突破利益衡量维度的局限,遵循科学机理,借鉴环境污染侵权相关经验,采用类型化的方法,将生态破坏侵权划分为直接侵权与间接侵权两种类型,进而配置相应的归责原则。直接侵权适用过错责任,间接侵权适用无过错责任,站在法解释论的立场对《民法典》相关条文进行恰适解释,以精准适用。The Civil Code stipulates that no-fault liability applies to ecological damage torts,which breaks the fault imputation system formed since the General Principles of the Civil Law but has the problem of the unclear boundary of no-fault liability for ecological damages.The root cause of the above problem lies in the rigid adoption of the traditional principle of configuration imputation based on the balancing of interest,and the failure to conduct categorization research on ecological damages based on the scientific mechanism of losses caused by ecological damages.In order to comprehensively clarify the principles of tort imputation of ecological damages,it is necessary to break through the limitation of researching the imputation principles from the dimension of balancing of interest,follow scientific mechanisms,draw lessons from relevant experience in environmental pollution torts,and adopt the categorization method to divide ecological damages into direct torts and indirect torts and then configure the corresponding imputation principles:fault liability shall apply to direct torts,and no-fault liability shall apply to indirect torts.From the standpoint of the theory of legal interpretation,relevant provisions of the Civil Code are properly interpreted and precisely applied.

关 键 词：民法典 生态破坏侵权 归责原则 类型化 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]