竖缝位置对异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性的数值模拟与分析  

Research on the Influence of Vertical Joint Position on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Different Side Vertical Joint Fishway

作　　者：李洋 宋成杰 吕春玮 杨阿龙 韩雷 LI Yang;SONG Cheng-jie;LÜChun-wei;YANG A-long;HAN Lei(Heilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China;School of Hydraulic and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第10期38-46,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019E125);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2020E117)。

摘　　要：异侧竖缝式鱼道具有能较好适应水位变化、消能效果明显和水流流态较好等特点。根据设计准则,对研究区域内的鱼道进行体型设计,采用数值模拟的方法,探究竖缝位置变化对异侧式竖缝鱼道水力特性的影响。模拟结果表明:竖缝位置对异侧竖缝式鱼道池室最大流速几乎没有影响,对主流区最大流速沿程变化影响较小;随着竖缝中心逐渐向池室中央靠近,主流区沿程最大流速衰减率先逐渐变大后趋于饱和;主流区左上部分回流区大部分流速逐渐减小后又增大,右下部分回流区大部分流速逐渐增大,两侧回流区面积比值逐渐减小;竖缝位置距池室侧壁为池室宽度的0.13~0.50时,池室内紊动能最大值变化范围在0.074~0.116 m^(2)/s^(2)之间;竖缝位置距池室侧壁为池室宽度的0.23~0.40时,池室内水流流态最佳,能显著提高研究区域内的半洄游性鱼类的洄游效果。研究结果对相关鱼道工程的设计具有参考作用。The opposite side vertical joint fishway has the characteristics of better adaptation to water level changes,obvious energy dissipation effect and better flow pattern of water.According to the design guidelines,the fish passage in the study area is designed in body shape.In this paper,the effect of different vertical slit positions on the flow structure of the chamber is investigated by numerical simulation,including the hydraulic characteristics of the main flow area,the hydraulic characteristics of the return flow area and the flow velocity distribution of the vertical slit position,and the vertical slit position of the fish passage suitable for the fish in the study area is analyzed.The simulation results show that:the vertical slit position has almost no effect on the maximum flow velocity in the pool chamber of the opposite side vertical slit,and has less effect on the change of the maximum flow velocity along the main flow area.As the center of the vertical slit gradually approaches the center of the pool chamber,the decay of the maximum flow velocity along the main flow area takes the lead in gradually becoming larger and then tends to saturate.Most of the flow velocity in the return area of the upper left part of the main flow area gradually decreases and then increases,and most of the flow velocity in the return area of the lower right part gradually increases.The area ratio of the two sides of the reflux zone gradually decreases.The vertical slit position on the pool room mainstream area flow pattern and the flow velocity distribution of the return area has a significant impact,when 0.23≤l/B≤0.40,the pool room flow pattern is the best;when l/B≥0.37,the mainstream area along the maximum flow decay rate tends to saturate,when 0.37≤l/B≤0.40,the maximum turbulent kinetic energy in the pool room at l/B=0.40 minimum,and the area of the return area on the left and right sides.Therefore,when l/B=0.40,the migratory effect of semi-migratory fish in the study area can be significantly improved.The maximu

关 键 词：水力学 竖缝位置 异侧竖缝式 鱼道 水力特性 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]