植物核黄素的生物合成及其功能研究进展  

Progress in the Research on Riboflavin Biosynthesis and Function in Plants

作　　者：胡海涛[1,2] 郭龙彪 Haitao Hu;Longbiao Guo(College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生命科学学院,金华321004 [2]中国水稻研究所,水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《植物学报》2023年第4期638-655,共18页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(No.LY19C130003);山东良种工程(No.2019LZGC003)。

摘　　要：核黄素是生物体维持正常代谢所必需的辅酶因子FMN和FAD的合成前体,其在线粒体电子传递链、三羧酸循环、脂肪酸β氧化、支链氨基酸分解代谢、氧化还原稳态、染色质重塑、DNA修复、细胞凋亡和次生代谢产物合成中发挥关键作用。核黄素缺乏会引发机体代谢紊乱和一系列表型缺陷,严重时甚至导致生物体死亡。自然界生命体中仅微生物和植物可以从头合成核黄素,而人和动物需从食物中获取核黄素。目前,微生物中核黄素的合成及其调控机制已研究得比较清晰,而核黄素在植物体内转运和代谢的调控机制尚不清楚。因此,挖掘核黄素缺乏相关突变体对解析植物核黄素生物合成、转运和代谢的分子机制以及其对植物生长发育的调控机理具有重要意义。该文综述了核黄素的生物合成途径及其关键限速酶,重点阐述了核黄素参与的植物生长发育过程,并展望了植物核黄素的研究前景。Riboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide(FMN)and flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)that serve as an indispensable cofactor to maintain normal metabolism,which plays pivotal roles in mitochondrial electron transport chain,citric acid cycle,β-oxidation of fatty acids,branched-chain amino acid catabolism,redox homeostasis,chromatin remodeling,DNA repair,apoptosis and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Riboflavin deficiency will cause metabolic disorders and a series of defective phenotypes,and death in the most severe cases.Among the living organisms,microorganisms and plants can de novo synthesize riboflavin,but humans and animals can only obtain it from food.At present,the regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis in microorganisms has been clearly studied,but the mechanism of riboflavin transport and metabolism in plants is still not clear.Isolating riboflavin deficient mutants is crucial for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of riboflavin biosynthesis,transport,and metabolism in plants and the effect of riboflavin on plant growth and development.Here we review first the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway and its key enzymes,and then the processes of riboflavin involved in plant growth and development in detail,and finally give prospects for plant riboflavin research.

关 键 词：核黄素 黄素蛋白 生物合成 植物 转运和代谢 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]