基于纳米纤维素/多壁碳纳米管气凝胶和泡沫镍构筑的三维复合材料及其电容性能  

Three-dimensional hybrid material constructed by cellulose nanofibers/multiwall carbon nanotubes aerogel and foam nickel and its electrochemical capacitance performance

作　　者：王韵 胡少恒 邓阿申 刘宇杰 夏燎原[2] WANG Yun;HU Shaoheng;DENG A'shen;LIU Yujie;XIA Liaoyuan(Hunan Post and Telecommunication College,Changsha 410015,China;College of Material Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410018,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南邮电职业技术学院,长沙410015 [2]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410018

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2023年第9期5350-5358,共9页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31530009);湖南省自然科学基金(2021 JJ30042);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(20 A508)。

摘　　要：三维(3D)电极材料因其独特的结构和优异的电化学性能而被认为是高性能超级电容器的理想候选者。纳米纤维素(CNF)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)被广泛应用于电极材料的开发与设计,但如何利用它们独特的一维纳米结构和固有的物理特性来构筑高性能3D电极材料依然是一个巨大的挑战。采用“自下而上”的策略,以CNF/MWCNT冷冻干燥过程中自聚集形成的气凝胶薄片为填充物,镍泡沫(NF)的3D网状结构为骨架,巧妙构筑了一种具有独特“薄片填充-骨架支撑”结构的MWCNT/CNF-NF三维杂化材料。受益于NF三维骨架优异的导电性和增强作用及MWCNT/CNF气凝胶薄片高的比表面积,以MWCNT/CNF-NF为负载电活性物质聚吡咯(PPy)的平台,通过优化电沉积时间制备的PPy-MWCNT/CNF-NF自支撑电极具有良好的可弯曲性和优异的电化学特性。与预期一样,在5 mA·cm^(−2)的电流密度下该电极的面积比容量高达2217.8 mF·cm^(−2)(869.9 F·g^(−1)),经过3000次循环后依然具有90.2%的高容量保持率。Three-dimensional(3D)electrode materials are ideal candidates for use in fabricating high-performance supercapacitors,owing to their unique network structure and excellent electrochemical properties.Although cellulose nanofibers(CNF)and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)are widely used in the development and design of electrode materials,how to use their unique one-dimensional nanostructures and inherent physical properties to build high-performance 3D electrode materials remains a huge challenge.Herein,an aerogel film produced by the freeze-drying self-aggregation of MWCNTs and CNFs was used as the“filling,”and an inter-connected 3D network of nickel foam(NF)as the“framework,”for well-design and fabrication of an MWCNT/CNF-NF hybrid materials.Benefiting from the excellent conductivity and high specific surface area of the MWCNT/CNF-NF,it is exceptionally suitable for use as the electroactive material platform in the fabrication of high-performance electrodes.Therefore,in this work,the high-performance polypyrrole(PPy)-MWCNT/CNF-NF freestanding electrodes were successfully prepared by optimizing the time of the electroactive material polypyrrole.As expected,the electrode exhibits a high areal capacity of 2217.8 mF·cm^(−2)(869.9 F·g^(−1))at a current density of 5 mA·cm^(−2),with good stability even after 3000 charge-discharge cycles.

关 键 词：纳米纤维素 碳纳米管 电活性平台 聚吡咯 自支撑电极 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]