局部供磷对不同甘蓝型油菜品种磷吸收利用和产量的影响  

Effects of phosphorus side dressing on the phosphorus uptake and utilization and yield of different Brassica napus cultivars

作　　者：杨鑫宇 李亚林 刘海疆 张兵兵 王静驰 韩贝 袁盼[1,2] 石磊[1,2] YANG Xin-yu;LI Ya-lin;LIU Hai-jiang;ZHANG Bing-bing;WANG Jing-chi;HAN Bei;YUAN Pan;SHI Lei(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology,Foshan University,Foshan,Guangdong 528000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]佛山科学技术学院国际膜生物学与环境研究中心,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第9期1664-1676,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972498)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同甘蓝型油菜品种对土壤磷分布异质性的响应规律及其差异,为减磷增效提供理论依据。【方法】以中双11号(ZS11)和圣光168(SG168)两个甘蓝型油菜品种为试验材料,于2019—2020年在湖北武汉开展根箱分根试验(供试土壤速效磷含量为2.75 mg/kg),在湖北武穴两个速效磷含量不同的田块(高磷肥力和低磷肥力田块土壤速效磷含量分别为17.63和8.65 mg/kg)开展磷肥条施试验。试验设置不施磷(0P/0P)、局部供磷(1P/0P)和均匀供磷(1P/1P)3个处理,于成熟期测定株高、分枝数、角果数、千粒重、产量、干物质积累、籽粒磷积累量和磷肥偏生产力等性状。【结果】不施磷(0P/0P)处理,SG168的株高、分枝数、角果数、产量、各部位干物质积累量和籽粒磷积累量均高于ZS11。相同供磷处理,根箱试验和田间试验SG168的株高、分枝数、产量和磷肥偏生产力均高于ZS11。与1P/1P处理相比,1P/0P处理两个甘蓝型油菜品种的磷肥偏生产力均提高,并且高磷田块的提升幅度大于低磷田块。田间试验低磷田块中,与1P/1P处理相比,1P/0P处理两个油菜品种产量均显著降低;田间试验高磷田块,与1P/1P处理相比,1P/0P处理ZS11产量显著降低,而SG168的产量无显著差异。【结论】局部供磷可以增强甘蓝型油菜对土壤中磷的吸收利用,提高地力贡献率和磷肥偏生产力。SG168的高产稳产和低磷适应能力强于ZS11。在土壤磷肥力水平高的田块,通过局部施磷的方式种植SG168可以实现不减产的同时减少一半磷肥的施用。【Objectives】Reveals the response and differences of different Brassica napus cultivars to the heterogeneous distribution of soil available phosphorus(P)could provide theoretical support for improving the P use efficiency.【Methods】Two Brassica napus cultivars,Zhongshuang11(ZS11)and Shengguang168(SG168),were used as test materials.Rhizotron and field experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2020 in Wuhan and Wuxue City of Hubei Province,respectively.The tested soil Olsen-P content in rhizotron experiment was 2.75 mg/kg;the field experiments were carried out at a low P fertility field(LP field)and a high P fertility field(HP field),with soil Olsen-P content of 8.65 mg/kg and 17.63 mg/kg,respectively,and the P fertilizer was applied in band.There were three treatments in all the experiments,including no P application(0P/0P),P side�dressing(1P/0P)and homogenous P supply(1P/1P).The plant height,branch number,silique number,1000-seed weight,seed yield,dry matter accumulation,seed P accumulation and P partial factor productivity were measured at the mature stage.【Results】SG168 showed higher plant height,branch number,silique number,seed yield,dry matter accumulation of each organ,seed P accumulation and P fertilizer partial productivity than ZS11 at the treatment of 0P/0P in both rhizotron and field experiments.SG168 showed higher plant height,branch number,seed yield and P fertilizer partial productivity than ZS11 under the same P treatment whether by rhizotron or by field experiments.Additionally,compared with 1P/1P treatment,1P/0P treatment significantly improved P fertilizer partial productivity of Brassica napus,and the increase of P fertilizer partial productivity of HP field was higher than that of LP field.Compared with 1P/1P treatment,1P/0P treatment significantly reduced the seed yield of two Brassica napus cultivars in LP field of field experiments.Compared with 1P/1P treatment,1P/0P treatment significantly reduced the seed yield of ZS11 but had no significant effect on seed yield of SG168 under H

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 局部供磷 根箱试验 分根 田间试验 条施磷肥 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]