子莲采收期干物质累积和氮磷钾养分吸收转运特征  

Dry matter accumulation and NPK nutrient uptake and transfer of seed lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)throughout the harvesting period

作　　者：刘冬碧[1] 揭志辉 朱丹丹 唐记平 杨良波 张志毅[1] 郑兴汶 张富林[1] 夏颖[1] 程子珍 赖克强 谢世平 LIU Dong-bi;JIE Zhi-hui;ZHU Dan-dan;TANG Ji-ping;YANG Liang-bo;ZHANG Zhi-yi;ZHENG Xing-wen;ZHANG Fu-lin;XIA Ying;CHENG Zi-zhen;LAI Ke-qiang;XIE Shi-ping(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment/Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control/Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430064,China;Guangchang Seed Lotus Industry Development Center,Guangchang,Jiangxi 344900,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/国家农业环境潜江观测实验站/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖北武汉430064 [2]广昌县白莲产业发展中心,江西广昌344900

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第9期1700-1712,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：广昌县白莲产业发展中心专家工作站项目(2023-lcyzjz-002);国家水生蔬菜产业体系项目(CARS-24-G-09)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究加工通芯莲用子莲的干物质累积和氮磷钾养分吸收转运特征,为子莲科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以太空莲36号和建选17号为供试品种,在江西省广昌县开展微区(3 m^(2))试验。分别在子莲移栽后85天(始收期)、103天(收获早期)、121天(收获盛期)、139天(收获中期)、160天(收获后期)、180天(终收期)采样,测定各器官(部位)干物质累积量和氮磷钾养分含量,计算氮磷钾养分累积量,源器官干物质和氮磷钾转运量,以及汇器官干物质和氮磷钾累积量增量。【结果】子莲干物质累积总量主要集中在子莲始收期—收获盛期(移栽后85~121天),其中叶片、根状茎等源器官(部位)干物质累积量先增后降,在移栽后139天(花果期末,收获中期)达最高值;莲蓬和果实干物质累积量持续增加;膨大茎开始生长后,干物质累积量迅速增加。叶片、根状茎等源器官氮磷钾含量动态变化相似,在移栽后139天前维持在较高水平,然后迅速或逐渐下降;花蕾、果实和膨大茎氮磷钾含量相对稳定;莲蓬氮、磷含量的动态变化与叶片相似,钾的变化与果实相似。子莲氮和钾累积量主要集中在移栽后85~121天,磷积累量主要集中在移栽后85~139天,此期间氮、磷和钾累积量分别占其累积总量的53.9%、61.4%和55.9%。移栽后139~180天,子莲汇器官氮累积量增量在莲蓬、果实和膨大茎中的分配比例分别为3.0%、67.8%和29.2%,磷的分配比例分别为1.5%、65.0%和33.5%,钾的分配比例分别为6.7%、40.5%和52.8%,源器官氮磷钾转运量占汇器官累积量增量的比例分别为88.8%、49.9%和77.7%。每生产100 kg通芯莲,子莲植株N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O最大累积量平均分别为7.50、3.47和9.45 kg,N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分吸收量之比为1∶0.46∶1.26。【结论】收获中期(花果期末)—终收期,子莲植株体内氮磷钾的累积有“莲蓬+果实”和“膨大茎”两个汇,并以果�【Objectives】The characteristics of dry matter accumulation,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)uptake and transfer in seed lotus were studied,and providing a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of seed lotus.【Methods】A micro-plot experiment(3 m^(2))was conducted in Guangchang,Jiangxi Province,taking two cultivars of Taikonglian 36 and Jianxuan 17 as the tested materials.Plant samples were collected at 85 days(beginning harvesting),103 days(early harvesting),121 days(peak harvesting),139 days(middle harvesting),160 days(late harvesting),and 180 days(ending harvesting)after transplanting,respectively.The dry matter weight,N,P and K content of different organs(parts)were determined,and the periodical accumulation and transfer of dry matter and NPK were calculated.【Results】The dry matter of seed lotus was mainly accumulated from the beginning to peak harvesting period(85−121 days after transplanting),and the dry matter accumulation in source organs(leaves,rhizomes,etc.)first increased and then decreased,reaching peaks at the end of flowering.During the period,fruit setting period(139 days after transplanting,middle harvesting).The dry matter accumulation in the receptacle and fruit kept increasing,especially after the developed rhizomes starting.The N,P and K content in source organs maintained at a high level before 139 days and then decreased rapidly or gradually,depending on the cultivars or the organs,while the NPK content in flower bud,fruit and developed rhizome were relatively stable during the whole harvesting period.The dynamics of N and P content in receptacle was similar to those in leaves,and the dynamics of K content in receptacle was similar to those in fruits.N and K mainly accumulated during 85−121 days after transplanting,and P mainly accumulated during 85−139 days,accounting for 53.9%,61.4%and 55.9%of the total N,P and K accumulation,respectively.During 139−180 days after transplanting,the N accumulation increment was distributed to receptacle,fruit and developed

关 键 词：子莲 干物质累积 养分含量 养分累积量 养分转运 

分 类 号：S645.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]