全球儿童水痘疫苗免疫策略和研究进展  

Global varicella vaccination strategy in children and research progress

作　　者：随海田 郭昱 王斌 苏锦锋 SUIHaitian;GUO Yu;WANG Bin;SU Jinfeng(China National Biotec Group,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国生物技术股份有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2023年第4期294-298,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

摘　　要：水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus)原发感染引起的急性传染病,传染性强,好发于儿童。在我国水痘发病率呈逐渐上升趋势,严重威胁儿童的身心健康。预防水痘最经济有效的方法是进行疫苗接种,目前市面上应用最广泛的水痘疫苗为水痘减毒活疫苗。全球已有36个国家和地区将水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划中。水痘疫苗在我国大部分省市属于自愿自费接种疫苗。将水痘疫苗纳入免疫规划不仅能显著降低疾病负担,还具有良好的成本效益,且2剂接种比1剂接种具有更强的保护效果。将水痘疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,制定符合我国实际情况的免疫策略,是预防水痘的长效措施。Varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus,with high infectiousness and primarily affects children.The incidence of varicella is gradually increasing in China,posing a serious threat to the physical and mental health of children.The most cost-effective way to prevent varicella is vaccination and the most widely used vaccine on the market is live attenuated varicella vaccine.The varicella vaccine has been included in the immunization program in 36 countries and regions worldwide.In most provinces and cities in China,it is a voluntary self-paid vaccine.Studies have shown that the inclusion of varicella vaccine in the immunization program not only significantly reduces the disease burden,but also has a good cost benefit.In addition,two doses of vaccination provide greater protective efficacy than a single dose.It is a long-term varicella control measure to incorporate the varicella vaccine into the national immunization program and formulate immunization strategy tailored for the situation in China.

关 键 词：水痘减毒活疫苗 疫苗接种 国家免疫规划 疫苗有效性 成本效益 免疫策略 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]