国内外转基因与基因编辑作物监管现状  

Regulatory status of GM and gene-edited crops at domestic and abroad

作　　者：李红杰 贾亚男 张彦军[3] 王兴荣[3] 陈丽梅 LI Hongjie;JIA Yanan;ZHANG Yanjun;WANG Xingrong;CHEN Limei(College of Biology Science/State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Crops Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物学院/植物抗逆高效全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学作物功能基因组与分子育种研究中心,北京100193 [3]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第9期1-11,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF1000500);海南省崖州湾种子实验室揭榜挂帅项目(B21HJ0503)。

摘　　要：为全面了解当前国内外转基因与基因编辑作物监管现状,在中国知网、Google Scholar和Web of Science等网站检索2004—2022年转基因及基因编辑管理的相关文献,总结我国现阶段关于转基因作物、农业用基因编辑作物的安全评价体系,并与多个国家和地区转基因及基因编辑作物的监管模式进行综合比较。结果表明,各国针对转基因及基因编辑技术的监管态度及实践存在较大差异,对基因编辑技术很多国家调整了立法或发布了新规。2022年,《农业用基因编辑植物安全评价指南(试行)》的颁布推动了我国农业用基因编辑植物的商业化进程。基于我国现实情况及国外的经验,针对目前我国转基因产业化发展进程存在的审批流程复杂、耗时较长等问题,结合转基因与基因编辑的科研及管理政策,建议监管机构和学术团体应密切交流,建立健全监管制度,加快推动基础研究走向实际应用。In order to improve understanding of the global regulatory status of GM and gene-edited crops,biosafety management relevant articles since 2004—2022 from CNKI,Google Scholar,Web of Science and other websites were obtained.In this study,an overview of the regulatory framework for biotechnology in our country was presented.Comprehensively comparisons with regulations regarding GMO and gene-edited crops across different countries were then conducted.The results suggest that regulatory attitudes towards GM and gene-edited crops vary across countries.Rather than copying the experience of GMO management system,more and more countries have adjusted legislation or issued new regulations on gene editing technology.In 2022,the“Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Gene-Edited Plants for Agricultural Use(Trial)”was promulgated in China,which promoted the commercialization of gene-edited plants.Finally,the commercialization of GMOs in China still has some problems such as complicated and time-consuming approval process.Based on the above findings,it is proposed that regulatory agencies and academic groups should strengthen exchanges,establish and improve safety management systems,and promote basic research towards practical applications.

关 键 词：农业生物技术 作物 转基因 基因编辑 安全评价 

分 类 号：S-01[农业科学] S336