秸秆还田与蘖肥增氮对寒地水稻产量和氮素吸收、利用的影响  

Effect of straw returning and increasing nitrogen of tillering fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in cold region

作　　者：刘梦红 李红宇 杜俊[3] 陈柳 林晓影 赵海成 张悦 张巩亮 LIU Menghong;LI Hongyu;DU Jun;CHEN Liu;LIN Xiaoying;ZHAO Haicheng;ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Gongliang(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory ofModern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163319,China;Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Fuyu Pasture Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihar 161200,China;Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang 854 Farm Co.,Ltd.,Jixi 158100,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]北大荒集团黑龙江富裕牧场有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161200 [4]北大荒集团黑龙江八五四农场有限公司,黑龙江鸡西158100

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第9期49-59,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中央支持地方高校改革发展资金人才培养项目(2022010006);黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B002)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆还田同时增施氮肥对寒地水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,采用盆栽试验,二因素完全随机试验设计,测定秸秆离田(S1)、还田(S2)和常规施氮(N1)、蘖肥增氮(N2)处理的水稻产量、氮素积累量、氮素生产效率及氮素利用效率等指标。结果表明,在S2条件下,水稻生物产量和籽粒产量分别下降3.18%和3.90%,氮素积累量和穗部氮增加量分别减少9.34%和6.48%,氮素干物质生产效率和氮素稻谷生产效率可分别提高6.87%和6.34%。相较(秸秆还田+常规施氮),(秸秆还田+蘖肥增氮)处理的生物产量和籽粒产量分别增加4.60%和4.38%,氮素积累量和氮素穗部增加量分别提高13.69%和11.69%,氮素干物质生产效率下降7.98%。S2的氮素农学利用率、吸收利用率及偏生产力较S1分别降低8.54%、15.77%和3.93%,生理利用率较秸秆离田提高9.52%。秸秆还田和蘖肥增氮二因素互作对水稻的氮素农学利用率、吸收利用率及偏生产力的影响达到极显著水平,(秸秆还田+常规施氮)的氮素农学利用率较(秸秆还田+蘖肥增氮)提高5.53%,而氮素吸收利用率和偏生产力均无显著变化。因此,在秸秆还田(S2)条件下蘖肥增氮(N2)可显著增加氮素积累量和穗部氮素含量,显著提高氮素农学利用效率,进而提高水稻生物产量和籽粒产量,是寒地实现水稻高产和氮肥高效利用的有效技术途径。To clarify the impact of straw returning to the field and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in cold regions,a two-factor fully randomized pot experiment was designed.Rice yield,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen production efficiency,and nitrogen utilization efficiency were measured under four different treatments including straw leaving the field(S1),returning to the field(S2),conventional nitrogen(N1)and tillering fertilizer increasing nitrogen treatments(N2).The results showed that:Under S2 condition,the biological yield and grain yield of rice respectively decreased by 3.18%and 3.90%,and the nitrogen accumulation and spike nitrogen increase respectively decreased by 9.34%and 6.48%,respectively.Nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen rice production efficiency respectively increased by 6.87%and 6.34%.Under the condition of returning straw to the field,the biological yield and yield under the treatment of tillering fertilizer and nitrogen respectively increased by 4.60%and 4.38%.Compared with those under the conventional nitrogen application,the nitrogen accumulation and the increase of nitrogen spike respectively increased by 13.69%and 11.69%,and the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency decreased by 7.98%.Compared with S1,the agronomic utilization efficiency,absorption utilization efficiency,and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in S2 respectively decreased by 8.54%,15.77%and 3.93%.The physiological utilization efficiency increased by 9.52%compared to that of straw removed from the field.The effect of the interaction between the two factors of straw return and tiller fertilizer nitrogen increase on nitrogen agronomic utilization,absorption utilization and bias productivity reached a highly significant level.Under the condition of returning straw to the field,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of conventional nitrogen application increased by 5.53%compared with that of tiller fertilizer,and the absorption utilization efficiency an

关 键 词：寒地水稻 秸秆还田 蘖肥增氮 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511.41[农业科学—作物学]