柿品种杂交亲和性研究  

Study on the cross compatibility of persimmon varieties

作　　者：张琦 蒲婷婷 王艺儒 韩卫娟[1] 白玉娥[2] 索玉静[1] 傅建敏[1] ZHANG Qi;PU Tingting;WANG Yiru;HAN Weijuan;BAI Yu'e;SUO Yujing;FU Jianmin(Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Forest college,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究所,郑州450003 [2]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第9期87-98,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400)。

摘　　要：为筛选高亲和的柿杂交亲本组合,以4个优良甜柿品种为母本、8个柿特异雄性种质(品种)为父本,设计19个杂交组合,开展人工控制杂交授粉,对各杂交组合花后8周的座果率和得种数等进行统计,分析其杂交亲本的亲和性,并对未成熟种子的幼胚进行胚挽救组织培养,获得杂交F1代幼苗后,对其雌/雄和甜/涩性状进行分子标记早期鉴定。结果表明:1)8个父本材料的花粉活力存在显著差异,其中携带中国甜柿基因的野生雄株(雄株8号)的花粉活力最强,可达90.38%,离体萌发率为45.89%;而雌雄同株的‘西村早生’花粉活力最差,仅35.29%。2)雄株8号和‘太秋’花粉均可在‘阳丰’‘富有’‘罗田甜柿’柱头上正常萌发。3)不同杂交组合亲本间的亲和性差异明显,‘阳丰’×雄株8号杂交组合坐果率和亲和指数最高,分别为48.39%和1.56;‘富有’ב西村早生’的杂交组合坐果率和亲和指数最低,分别为5.53%和0.05。4)未成熟种子经胚挽救组织培养,获得了705株杂交子代,经过雌/雄和甜/涩分子标记早期鉴定,共鉴定出359份雌株和346份雄株,363份完全甜柿和342份非完全甜柿,其中符合育种目标的完全甜柿雌株有181份。本研究为甜柿杂交育种和新种质创新提供了理论指导和材料基础。In order to screen high-affinity persimmon hybrid parental combinations,a total of 19 hybrid combinations were designed with 4 excellent sweet persimmon varieties as female parents and 8 persimmon specific male germplasms(varieties)as male parents,and artificial control cross pollination was carried out.The compatibility of hybrid parents was analyzed by counting the fruit setting rate and the number of seeds obtained at 8 weeks after flowering of each hybrid combination,and the immature embryo of immature seeds was rescued by embryo rescue tissue culture.After obtaining hybrid F1 seedlings,the female and male and sweet and astringent traits were identified by molecular markers.The results show that:1)There were significant differences in pollen viability among the 8 male parents,among which,the pollen viability of the wild male plant(Male 8)carrying the Chinese persimmon gene was the strongest,reaching 90.38%,and the in vitro germination rate was 45.89%.The pollen viability of monoecious‘Nishimurawase'was the worst,its germination rate was only 35.29%.2)The pollen of male 8 and‘Taishuu'could germinate normally on the stigma of‘Youhou',‘Fuyu'and‘Luotian-tianshi'.3)The compatibility of different hybrid combinations was significantly different.The fruit setting rate and compatibility index of‘Youhou'×Male 8 hybrid combination were the highest,which were 48.39%and 1.56,respectively.The fruit setting rate and affinity index of the hybrid combination of‘Fuyu'בNishimurawase'were the lowest,which were 5.53%and 0.05,respectively.4)The immature seeds were cultured by embryo rescue tissue culture,and 705 in total hybrids were obtained.After early identification of female and male and sweet and astringent molecular markers,a total of 359 female plants and 346 male plants,363 complete sweet persimmons and 342 incomplete sweet persimmons were identified,of which 181 were female plants that met the breeding objectives.This study provided a theoretical guidance and material basis for cross breeding and new ge

关 键 词：柿 品种 有性杂交 亲本选配 亲和性 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]