堆肥过程中有机物的转化及其评价方法  

Conversion of organic matter during composting process and its evaluation methods

作　　者：王凌霄 常瑞雪 王珏[1] 李彦明 李国学 仰颉[1] 刘佳琪 乔如陆 李明章 WANG Lingxiao;CHANG Ruixue;WANG Jue;LI Yanming;LI Guoxue;YANG Jie;LIU Jiaqi;QIAO Rulu;LI Mingzhang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Farmland Soil Pollution,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Organic Recycling Institute(Suzhou),China Agricultural University,Suzhou 215100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),江苏苏州215100

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第9期167-175,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1901002);中国农业大学教授工作站-20210505。

摘　　要：为客观评价好氧堆肥过程中有机物的转化程度,以“有机固废”、“生物转化”和“有机物转化率”为关键词,在中国学术期刊网络出版总库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集等数据库检索获得近年来发表的文献,对堆肥过程中有机物转化的相关文献进行梳理和总结,结果表明:1)好氧堆肥过程中有机物主要通过矿化和腐殖化进行转化,提高有机物的腐殖化程度有利于碳素的保存;2)目前有机物转化的评价方法包括有机物损失率、好氧呼吸量、有机组分降解率、碳质量平衡和有机物降解模型等,但在实际应用中仍存在局限性;3)本研究提出以堆肥目标产物为导向,将不稳定腐殖质中的碳作为有机物转化评价指标的方法,可用于判定堆肥原料可降解性、堆肥发酵进程和堆肥产品质量,兼具科学性、准确性和实用性。研究结果可为有机固废资源化效果评价提供方法支撑,推动堆肥科学与技术发展。In order to objectively evaluate the degree of organic matter conversion during composting, the literature published in recent years were searched in China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database(CNKI)and Web of Science Core Collection with “organic solid waste”, “biotransformation” and “organic matter conversion rate” as keywords. The literature related to the research on organic matter conversion were reviewed and summarized. The results show that: 1)Organic matter is mainly transformed by mineralization and humification during composting, and improving the humification degree of organic matter is beneficial to the preservation of carbon. 2)At present, the evaluation methods for organic matter conversion include organic matter loss rate, oxygen consumption, organic matter fraction degradation rate, carbon mass balance method and organic matter degradation model, but these methods still have limitations in practical application. 3)An evaluation method of organic matter conversion is proposed in this study, which was oriented by the target product of composting and the carbon in unstable humus as an indicator. The evaluation method can be used to determine the degradability of composting raw materials, process of composting and quality of composting products and it is scientific, accurate and practical. The results provides method support for the evaluation of organic solid waste recycling effect and promotes the development of composting science and technology.

关 键 词：堆肥 有机物转化 矿化 腐殖化 气体排放 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]