2014-2021年流感季中国流感疫苗估算报告接种覆盖情况分析  

Analysis of estimated reported coverage of influenza vaccine in China in flu season 2014-2021

作　　者：刘晓雪[1] 宋祎凡[2] 张肇南 叶家楷[2] 李力 曹雷[2] 曹玲生[2] 余文周[2] 尹遵栋[2] LIU Xiaoxue;SONG Yifan;ZHANG Zhaonan;YE Jiakai;LI Li;CAO Lei;CAO Lingsheng;YU Wenzhou;YIN Zundong(Institute of Immunization,Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250021,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,山东济南250021 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2023年第3期226-232,共7页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制的运行项目(102393220020010000017)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国流感疫苗接种状况,为流感防控和免疫策略制定和调整提供科学依据。方法对中国免疫规划信息管理系统中2014-2021年全国流感疫苗报告接种数据进行描述性分析,结合各年度统计局发布的人口数据对全国及各省(自治区、直辖市)全人群流感疫苗接种率覆盖水平进行估算。结果2014-2021年,各流感季流感疫苗报告接种总量分别为1253.7万、1238.0万、1019.1万、1503.2万、869.3万、2012.0万和4132.2万剂次,全人群估算报告接种率分别为0.92%、0.90%、0.74%、1.08%、0.62%、1.43%和2.94%;其中,2018-2019年流感季报告接种剂次和估算报告接种率最低,2020-2021年流感季最高。各省各流感季全人群估算报告接种率差异较大。2020-2021年流感季,全人群流感疫苗估算报告接种率最高的省(自治区、直辖市)为新疆、天津和上海,分别为6.69%、6.17%和5.56%;最低为西藏、吉林和海南,分别为0.77%、1.03%和1.04%。2019-2020年流感季,3价流感疫苗(1360.2万剂次)总接种量大于4价流感疫苗(651.8万剂次),2020-2021年流感季,4价流感疫苗接种量比3价流感疫苗多出615.8万剂次(2374.0万剂次vs 1758.2万剂次)。结论2014-2021年各流感季中国全人群流感疫苗接种量呈逐年上升趋势,但全人群流感疫苗报告接种率总体较低。受不同地区经济、卫生服务供给能力的影响,报告接种率地区差异较大。建议有条件地区将重点人群接种纳入补偿政策范围,增加疫苗供应和服务供给,进一步推动流感疫苗接种,提高接种覆盖水平。Objective To understand the immunization coverage of influenza vaccines in China,so as to provide evi⁃dence for influenza control and development or adjustment of immunization strategies.Methods Descriptive analy⁃sis was conducted for reported influenza vaccination data in China collected via National Immunization Program Infor⁃mation System from 2014 to 2021.The reported population immunization coverage of influenza vaccines was esti⁃mated,both at national level and for each province(autonomous region,municipality),based on demographic data annually released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China.Results The reported influenza vaccine doses in China in flu seasons for each year from 2014 to 2021 were 12.537,12.380,10.191,15.032,8.693,20.120 and 41.322 million,respectively.The estimated reported immunization coverage was 0.92%,0.90%,0.74%,1.08%,0.62%,1.43% and 2.94%,respectively.The reported doses and estimated coverage were the lowest in the flu season in 2018-2019,the highest in the flu season in 2020-2021.Across different provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities),Xinjiang,Tianjin and Shanghai showed the highest estimated reported coverage rate in 2020-2021,being 6.69%,6.17%and 5.56%,respectively;while Tibet,Jilin and Hainan showed the lowest cov⁃erage rate,being 0.77%,1.03%and 1.04%,respectively.In 2019-2020 flu season,the total doses of trivalent in⁃fluenza vaccine(13.602 million)exceeded the doses of quadrivalent influenza vaccine(6.518 million);in contrast,the doses of quadrivalent influenza vaccine exceeded that of trivalent influenza vaccine by 6.158 million in 2020-2021 flu season(23.740 million doses vs 17.582 million doses).Conclusions In the flu seasons from 2014 to 2021,the total reported doses of influenza vaccines increased year by year.However,the estimated reported coverage for influenza vaccine in China is low,and varied across different regions due to disparities in regional economic develop⁃ment and healthcare service levels.We suggest that provinces or cities with adeq

关 键 词：流行性感冒 流感疫苗 预防接种 报告接种率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]