“三权分置”下农村土地流转中的产权分析——基于流转主体收益均衡的实证分析  

Property Rights Analysis of Rural Land Transfer under the“Separation of Three Rights”:Based on the Empirical Analysis of the Income Balance of the Circulation Subject

作　　者：刘冰镜 杨德才[1] LIU Bing-jing;YANG De-cai

机构地区：[1]南京大学商学院

出　　处：《科学决策》2023年第9期138-147,共10页Scientific Decision Making

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(项目编号:18JZD025)。

摘　　要：土地制度作为国家民生建设的根基,一直承载着农业发展和农民生存的基本功能。农民与土地二者的关系始终是深化中国农村改革的主线之一。我国的农村土地流转制度历经了由“两权分离”向“三权分置”的变迁过程。“三权分置”对于农村土地所有权、承包权和经营权分离并行的规定,有利于释放“农村土地经营权流转”,优化了土地资源配置、提高了农民收入以及促进了农业产业化发展。本文基于新制度经济学理论的视角分析农村土地流转制度,结合正式制度和非正式制度间的博弈综合分析土地流转中产权制度变迁的过程。研究重点是土地流转主体之间是否进行流转及地方政府的作用,并建立土地流转的收益模型,分别从地方政府不干预和干预两方面进行分析。同时,当地方政府进行干预时,是否改变土地用途也会对流转主体的利益均衡结果产生不同影响。结果表明,国家征用有利于土地流转的顺利进行。因此,农村土地流转制度的发展要借鉴历史的经验教训,建立有效的激励机制鼓励流转主体参与土地流转,地方政府要健全社会保障机制,加强监督和宣传,以此来明确土地产权制度,并对农村土地制度的改革和发展进行更加全面且深入的思考。As the foundation of national livelihood construction,land system has been carrying the basic function of agricultural development and farmers’survival.The relationship between farmers and land is always one of the main lines of deepening China’s rural reform.Our rural land circulation system has experienced the vicissitude process from“separation of two rights”to“separation of three rights”.The separation of rural land ownership,contract rights and management rights is conducive to releasing the transfer of rural land management rights,optimizing the allocation of land resources,improving farmers’income and promoting the development of agricultural industrialization.Based on the perspective of new institutional economics theory,this paper analyzes the rural land transfer system,and combines the game between formal system and informal system to comprehensively analyze the process of property rights system change in land transfer.The research focuses on whether there is transfer between the main bodies of land transfer and the role of local government,and establishes the income model of land transfer,and analyzes from the non-intervention and intervention of local government respectively.At the same time,when the local government intervenes,whether to change the land use will also have different effects on the balance of interests of the transfer subjects.The results show that the state expropriation is beneficial to the smooth progress of land transfer.Therefore,the development of rural land transfer system should learn from historical experience and lessons,establish an effective incentive mechanism to encourage transfer subjects to participate in land transfer,local governments should improve the social security mechanism,strengthen supervision and publicity,so as to clarify the land property rights system,and carry out more comprehensive and in-depth thinking on the reform and development of rural land system.

关 键 词：土地流转 三权分置 产权博弈 制度变迁 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]