超临界流体色谱固定相的发展及在天然产物中的应用  

Development progress of stationary phase for supercritical fluid chromatography and related application in natural products

作　　者：宋春颖 金高娃[1] 俞东萍 夏东海 丰静 郭志谋[1] 梁鑫淼[1] SONG Chunying;JIN Gaowa;YU Dongping;XIA Donghai;FENG Jing;GUO Zhimou;LIANG Xinmiao(CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,中国科学院分离分析化学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]赣江中药创新中心,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《色谱》2023年第10期866-878,共13页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22074141);大连化物所-青岛能源所融合基金(UN201801);山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010508).

摘　　要：超临界流体色谱(SFC)是以超临界流体为流动相的一种色谱方法。最广泛使用的流动相为CO_(2),可以与多种极性有机溶剂混匀,这种广泛的混溶性使得SFC流动相的极性能够扩展至比正相色谱(NPLC)和反相色谱(RPLC)流动相更宽的范围。流动相兼容的特点决定了固定相的多样性,几乎液相色谱所有的固定相都可以应用在SFC上,既包括RPLC常用到的C18等非极性固定相,也包括NPLC常用到的硅胶等极性固定相。分析物的选择范围也得到了有效扩展,从脂类化合物逐渐发展到黄酮、皂苷及多肽等极性化合物。在SFC中,分析物的分离效果更依赖于固定相的选择。在沿用HPLC固定相的基础上,研究者也在不断地开发更适合SFC的专属固定相。多种多样的固定相共同推进了SFC在多个领域的应用,如制药、食品、环境以及天然产物等。其中天然产物因成分复杂且大多成分含量甚微而成为最有挑战的分离对象之一。得益于仪器的进步以及相关理论体系的健全,SFC的优势逐渐显现,利用SFC分离天然产物的应用也在日益增多。在过去的50年里,SFC已经发展成一种被广泛使用的高效分离技术。本文先简单地描述了SFC的特点优势以及发展过程,然后对近10年来SFC固定相的种类以及在天然产物上的应用进行了综述,并对SFC未来的发展做出了展望。Supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC)is an environment-friendly and efficient column chromatography technology that was developed to expand the application range of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)using a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase.A supercritical fluid has a temperature and pressure that are above the critical values as well as relatively dynamic characteristics that are between those of a gas and liquid.Supercritical fluids combine the advantages of high solubility and diffusion,as their diffusion and viscosity coefficients are equivalent to those of a gas,while maintaining a density that is comparable with that of a liquid.Owing to the remarkable compressibility of supercritical fluids,analyte retention in SFC is significantly influenced by the density of the mobile phase.Thus,the column temperature and back pressure are crucial variables that regulate analyte retention in SFC.Increasing the back pressure can increase the density and solubility of the mobile phase,leading to reductions in retention time.The column temperature can affect selectivity and retention,and the degree to which different analytes are affected by this property varies.On the one hand,increasing the temperature reduces the density of the mobile phase,thereby extending the retention time of the analytes;on the other hand,it can also increase the energy of molecules,leading to a shorter retention time of the analyte on the stationary phase.CO_(2),the most widely employed supercritical fluid to date,presents moderate critical conditions and,more importantly,is miscible with a variety of polar organic solvents,including small quantities of water.In comparison with the mobile phases used in normal-phase liquid chromatography(NPLC)and reversed-phase liquid chromatography(RPLC),the mobile phase for SFC has a polarity that can be extended over a wide range on account of its extensive miscibility.The compatibility of the mobile phase determines the diversity of the stationary phase.Nearly all stationary phases for HPLC,i

关 键 词：超临界流体色谱 非手性固定相 天然产物的分离 综述 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]