ICU护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾患与护理操作相关分析  

Correlation between occupational musculoskeletal disorders and nursing practices in ICU nursing staff

作　　者：闫欣雪 乔梦圆 王海燕[1,2] YAN Xinxue;QIAO Mengyuan;WANG Haiyan(Medical College,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang,832003,China;Emergency Department,Xinjiang People's Hospital,Urumqi Xinjiang,830001,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学医学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院急救中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第17期2305-2309,2317,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2019D01C140)。

摘　　要：目的了解新疆乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)护理人员职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(workrelated musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)的发生与护理操作项目之间关系,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法2021年3—6月,应用快速暴露检查法(quick exposure check,QEC)对新疆乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院132名ICU护理人员15项常规护理操作与WMSDs相关性以及护理人员背部、肩/臂、手/腕部和颈部暴露等级进行现场评估,并对数据进行分析。结果由于新疆乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院ICU工作环境、操作内容和操作姿势等因素差别,不同护理操作风险等级有所差异,15项常规护理操作中,搬运患者(60.04%)、协助患者变换体位(55.79%)、尸体料理(53.63%)处于高风险等级,物体表面消毒(43.10%)处于中等风险等级。护理人员背部(动态)(33.90±6.21)暴露等级处于高水平,颈部(8.07±2.75)、工作节奏(3.01±1.35)、工作压力暴露等级(3.02±1.46)处于中等水平。结论新疆乌鲁木齐市某三级甲等医院ICU护理人员背部(动态)工效学负荷水平最高,在搬运患者、协助变换体位、尸体料理时身体处于高暴露水平,建议进行高风险操作项目的操作流程及用力方式培训,提高对WMSDs防护意识和能力。Objective To explore the relationship between the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)in intensive care unit(ICU)nursing staff and nursing operation items,and to provide basis for the development of intervention measures.Methods From March to June 2021,132 ICU nursing staff in a Grade A hospital in Urumqi were measured by quick exposure check(QEC)to assess the correlation between 15 routine nursing practices and WMSDs,as well as the nursing staff's back,shoulder/arm,hand/wrist and neck exposure levels,and the data were analyzed.Results Due to the difference of ICU working environment,operation content and operation posture,the risk levels of different nursing operations were different.Among the 15 routine nursing operations,carrying patients(60.04%),assisting patients to change their positions(55.79%),and disposing of cadaveric bodies(53.63%)were in the high risk level,while object surface disinfection(43.10%)was in the medium risk level.The nursing staff's back(dynamic)(33.90±6.21)exposure proved at a high level,and the neck(8.07±2.75),work rhythm(3.01±1.35)and work pressure(3.02±1.46)exposure proved at a medium level.Conclusions ICU nursing staff have the highest level of back(dynamic)ergonomic load,and their bodies are exposed to a high level when they carry patients,assist in changing positions,and dispose of corpses.It is suggested to conduct training on operation procedures and exertion methods of high-risk operation items to improve their awareness and ability of WMSDs protection.

关 键 词：快速接触检查表 职业肌肉骨骼疾患 操作暴露等级 工效学负荷水平 重症监护室 护理人员 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]