南海金枪鱼类养殖区域分布研究  

Research on aquaculture area distribution of tuna in South China Sea

作　　者：张艳萍 乐家华[1] 闫周府 ZHANG Yanping;LE Jiahua;YAN Zhoufu(College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2023年第5期48-57,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(72103134)。

摘　　要：南海是金枪鱼类的重要分布区,开展南海金枪鱼类养殖潜在适宜区选划研究具有重要意义。南海金枪鱼类的主要种类为黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)和鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis),根据其物种出现点以及7种南海环境数据,采用最大熵(Maximum Entropy,MaxEnt)模型定量评估了南海黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣的潜在养殖适宜性指数。结果表明:1)模型受试者工作特征曲线的下面值均大于0.848,表明模型准确度良好,可用于模拟金枪鱼类养殖潜在适宜区的分布;2)表层溶解氧、表层水温、底层水温、底层盐度是影响南海黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣养殖适宜栖息地分布的重要环境因子。其中,黄鳍金枪鱼的最适宜范围为:表层溶解氧浓度201.52~242.68 mol·m^(−3)、底层水温1.96~32.61℃、底层盐度34.37‰~35.26‰;鲣的最适宜范围为:表层溶解氧浓度200.83~208.35 mol·m^(−3)、表层水温19.71~28.96℃、底层盐度34.30‰~35.26‰;3)黄鳍金枪鱼和鲣的养殖潜在高适宜分布区域较为集中,黄鳍金枪鱼主要集中在东沙渔场、南沙中部渔场以及南沙中西部渔场的东北部,鲣主要集中在中国台湾南部渔场的中西部以及东沙渔场。The South China Sea is an important distribution area of tuna,so it is important to carry out researches on poten-tially suitable areas for tuna aquaculture in that area.The main tuna species in the South China Sea are yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)and skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis),according to whose locations of occurrence and seven kinds of environ-mental data in that area,we used the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model to quantitatively evaluate the potential suitability in-dexes for their aquaculture.The results show that:1)The face value of receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was greater than 0.84,indicating that the model is accurate and can be used to simulate the distribution of potentially suitable habi-tats for tuna.2)Sea surface dissolved oxygen,sea surface temperature and sea benthic salinity were important environmental factors which affected the distribution of suitable habitats for yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna in the South China Sea.The op-timal sea surface dissolved oxygen,sea surface temperature and sea benthic salinity of yellowfin tuna were 201.52–242.68 mol·m^(−3),1.96–32.61℃,34.37‰–35.26‰,respectively,and those of skipjack tuna were 200.83–208.35 mol·m^(−3),19.71–28.96℃,34.30‰–35.26‰,respectively.3)The distribution areas of yellowfin tuna were mainly concentrated in the Dongsha fishing ground,the middle Nansha fishing ground,and the northeast of the western and central Nansha fishing ground,while those of skipjack tuna were mainly concentrated in the western and central of the south Taiwan region fishing ground and the Dongsha fishing ground.

关 键 词：金枪鱼类 养殖潜在适宜区 最大熵模型 南海 

分 类 号：S931.2[农业科学—渔业资源]