重金属在典型蔬菜可食部位的污染特征及其健康风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Edible Parts of Typical Vegetables

作　　者：郭思宇 黄运湘[1] GUO Si-yu;HUANG Yun-xiang(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第9期39-45,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42177293,41671242,42130716);科技基础资源调查专项课题(2021FY100504)。

摘　　要：选择常见蔬菜茄子、辣椒、豇豆(果菜类)、空心菜、白菜、油麦菜(叶菜类)、萝卜、莴笋、芥菜(根茎类)共9种蔬菜为试材,研究了蔬菜中重金属的污染特征并评估了其对人体的健康风险。结果表明:9种蔬菜中都是Fe含量最高,其含量(湿重)为6.80~38.19 mg/kg,其中叶菜类的Fe平均含量为31.72 mg/kg,分别是果菜类和根茎类的2.7和2.3倍,Cr、Cd是蔬菜中超标的主要元素,除茄子外的8种蔬菜中Cr含量均超标,油麦菜和白菜叶的Cd含量超标;叶菜类具有较高的非致癌健康风险尤其是空心菜,As和Mn是引起非致癌健康风险的主要元素,相较于成人儿童对于叶菜类中As和Mn的非致癌健康风险比成人更高,部分根茎类和果菜类对儿童也存在非致癌健康风险;Cd在9种蔬菜中均不构成潜在的致癌风险,As在叶菜类、部分根茎类和果菜类中均存在潜在的致癌风险,Cr在9种蔬菜中均构成潜在致癌风险,且Cr在叶菜类、根茎类中的致癌风险高于果菜类,相较于成人儿童存在更高的重金属致癌风险。In this study,the edible parts of nine vegetables(eggplant,chili,cowpea,water spinach,Chinese cabbage,leaf lettuce,radish,stem lettuce and mustard)in three categories(fruit vegetables,leafy vegetables and root vegetables)were selected as research objects to study the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in vegetables and assess the potential health risks by vegetable intake to the human body.We measured eight kinds of heavy metal elements(Cd,As,Cr,Pb,Cu,Fe,Mn and Ni),and estimated the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of heavy metals to adults and children through estimated daily intake.The results showed that the content of Fe in the nine vegetables was the highest,up to 6.80-38.19 mg/kg(wet weight),averagely reaching 31.72 mg/kg in leafy vegetables,which was respectively 2.7 and 2.3 times that in fruit and root vegetables.Cr and Cd were the main superscalar elements in vegetables;Cr content exceeded the standard in eight kinds of vegetables except eggplant,while Cd content in leaf lettuce and Chinese cabbage exceeded the standard.Leafy vegetables had high non-carcinogenic health risks,especially water spinach.As and Mn were the main elements that caused non-carcinogenic risks.In contrast to adults,children were at higher non-carcinogenic health risks of As and Mn in leafy vegetables.Partial root and fruit vegetables also posed non-carcinogenic health risks to children.Cd did not pose a potential carcinogenic risk in the nine vegetables.As posed potential carcinogenic risks in leafy vegetables and partial root and fruit vegetables.The carcinogenic risk of Cr existed in all nine vegetables,and was higher in leafy and root vegetables than in fruit vegetables.Compared with adults,children faced a higher risk of cancer caused by heavy metals.

关 键 词：蔬菜 种类 重金属 污染特征 健康风险 评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4