电流辅助微成形技术研究进展  

Research progress of electrically-assisted micro-forming technology

作　　者：徐杰[1] 包建兴 丁朝刚 单德彬[1] 郭斌[1] XU Jie;BAO Jianxing;DING Chaogang;SHAN Debin;CUO Bin(Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing(Harbin Institute of Technology),Ministry of Education,Harbin 150080,China;Xi'an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]微系统与微结构制造教育部重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学),哈尔滨150080 [2]西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司,西安710016

出　　处：《材料科学与工艺》2023年第5期1-15,共15页Materials Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1505900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51635005,51475124)。

摘　　要：高强难变形金属材料微成形中普遍存在成形温度高、表面氧化严重、模具寿命低等问题,迫切需要发展提高难变形材料微成形潜力的新原理、新方法和新工艺。电流辅助微成形技术可以明显改善材料的塑性流动能力、优化微观组织、改善表面质量、提升构件综合力学性能,在突破高强难变形材料制造瓶颈方面具有巨大潜力。基于此,从电流诱发的非热电致塑性效应(电子风)、焦耳热效应和次生效应(裂纹愈合、局部电势)等方面综合评述了电致塑性效应的物理机制,分析了电流激励下材料成形性和应力降等力学性能的响应规律,并从电流对材料回复、再结晶及相变等微观组织的影响方面探讨了电致塑性效应的微观作用机理,进而讨论了近年发展的一些电流辅助微成形工艺,总结并提出了电流辅助微成形技术在理论和工艺方面面临的挑战。There are many problems in the micro-forming of difficult-to-deformation metal materials with high strength,such as high forming temperature,serious surface oxidation,and low die life.It is urgent to develop new principles,methods,and processes to improve the potential of the micro-forming of difficult-to-deformation metal materials with high strength.Electrically-assisted(EA)micro-forming technology can obviously improve the plastic flow of materials,optimize the microstructure,improve the surface quality,and enhance the overall mechanical properties of components.It has great potential to break through the manufacturing bottleneck for difficult-to-deformation metal materials with high strength.Therefore,the physical mechanisms of electroplasticity effect were reviewed from the perspectives of non-thermal effect(electron wind),Joule effect,and secondary effect(crack healing,local potential)induced by electric current.The response characteristics of mechanical properties of materials under electric current such as formability and stress drop were analyzed.The micro-mechanisms of electroplasticity effect were discussed in terms of the effects of electric current on microstructure,such as the recovery,recrystallization,and phase transformation of materials.Finally,some EA micro-forming processes developed in recent years were discussed,and the theoretical and technological challenges confronting EA micro-forming technology were summarized.

关 键 词：压力加工 微成形 电流辅助成形 电致塑性效应 变形行为 微型构件 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]