海市蜃楼——通海秀山涌金寺古柏阁考察  

The Mirage:An Investigation of Gubai Hall in Yongjin Temple at Xiushan,Tonghai County

作　　者：刘妍 王艺霏 秦瑞烨 LIU Yan;WANG Yifei;QIN Ruiye

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《建筑史学刊》2023年第3期99-121,共23页Journal of Architectural History

摘　　要：针对涌金寺古柏阁进行相对完整的建筑构造、历史文献考察,对古柏阁的设计意匠进行推理与解读,并复原古柏阁的营造史。首先基于视线分析关注建筑的山地设计原理,即建筑如何通过高差实现楼阁幻象的“视觉魔术”,随后剖析建筑的早期内部构架与晚期外部表皮的结构关系,并针对斗栱、角梁、歇山构造及接柱做法进行构造观察。针对古柏阁独特的底层架空构造,提出其属于平坐结构,而非既有研究所认为的干栏构造。同时对平坐结构进行构造复原,并与遗存构件实物的榫卯构造实现互证。在系统梳理地方志与碑文后,整理寺院历史尤其是古柏阁相关营造史,指出古柏阁的独特构造与空间营造是附会《华严经》中的“弥勒楼阁”,以服务寺院的华严法会。总结出古柏阁的历史改造正是通海地方宗教社会向世俗社会转向的物质与空间表达。This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the building structure and historical literature of Gubai Hall,attempting to interpret its design concept and restore its construction history.The initial focus of the paper lies in exploring the design concept of mountainous architecture through a thorough analysis of sightlines.It examines how the building achieves a captivating visual effect as a multistorey pavilion by leveraging the height difference of the mountain.Subsequently,the paper proceeds with a detailed constructional analysis of the earlier inner structure and the later outer structure of the building,followed by observations concerning specific construction details,including dougong,conner beams,xieshan roofs,and pillar connections.Notably,based on the distinctive elevated floor with struts and dougong,this paper posits that the structure belongs to the pingzuo system,as opposed to the ganlan structure proposed in previous research.Furthermore,it restores the structure of the lower portion of the building,with validation provided through the examination of wood joints found in a pair of remaining components at the site.Through a systematic review of local chronicles and inscriptions,this paper elucidates the temple’s history,with particular emphasis on the construction history of Gubai Hall.It highlights that the unique structure and spatial arrangement of this building were intended to create a“Maitreya Pavilion”,aligning with the teachings of the Avatamsaka Sutra and serving as a space for temple memorial services.In conclusion,it asserts that the historical transformations of Gubai Hall manifest as material and spatial expressions of the transition from a religious society to a secular one in Tonghai County.

关 键 词：云南建筑 佛教建筑 山地建筑 建筑考古学 平坐 

分 类 号：TU-0[建筑科学—建筑理论]