模糊PID控制的细长工件加工主动减振控制研究  

Research on Active Vibration Control of Slender Workpiece by Fuzzy PID Control

作　　者：刘凯[1] 韩训梅[1] 张奔 LIU Kai;HAN Xun-mei;ZHANG Ben(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sanjiang University,Jiangsu Nanjing 210012,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hohai University,Jiangsu Changzhou 213022,China)

机构地区：[1]三江学院机械与电气工程学院,江苏南京210012 [2]河海大学机电工程学院,江苏常州213022

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2023年第10期121-125,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(18KJD510008);教育部产学合作协同育人项目(201801086041);三江学院校级教改项目(J20041)。

摘　　要：细长工件加工过程中的自激振动会增大工件表面粗糙度,降低工件的加工精度。因此这里提出了一种新型的主动减振机构对细长工件车削过程中产生的振动进行隔离。通过分析细长工件加工主动减振系统的简化结构,建立减振系统以及电液执行器的动力学模型,构建细长工件加工主动减振系统,并根据主动减振系统利用模糊规则进行模糊推理,开发了模糊PID控制器,实现细长工件加工主动减振系统的有效控制。采用数学软件MATLAB对细长工件加工的被动减振系统、传统PID控制器和模糊PID控制器控制的主动减振系统进行仿真,结果显示,主动减振系统相比于被动减振系统能够较大降低工件振动幅度;采用模糊PID控制器控制的主动减振系统,具有振幅小、控制电压低及能耗低的特点,同时振动抑制率相比传统PID控制器提高约9%。因此,采用模糊PID控制器控制的细长工件车削加工主动减振系统能够有效地限制振动幅值,提高车削加工稳定性。The self-excited vibration during the machining of slender workpieces will increase the surface roughness of the work-piece and reduce the machining accuracy of the workpiece.Therefore,this paper proposes a new type of active vibration damping mechanism to isolate the vibration generated during the turning of slender workpieces.By analyzing the simplified structure of the active vibration reduction system for slender workpiece machining,the dynamic model of the vibration reduction system and electro-hydraulic actuator is established,and the active vibration reduction system for slender workpiece processing is con-structed,and fuzzy rules are used to carry out fuzzy reasoning according to the active vibration reduction system.developed a fuzzy PID controller to realize the effective control of the active vibration reduction system for slender workpiece machining.The math-ematical software MATLAB is used to simulate the passive vibration reduction system for slender workpiece machining,the tradi-tional PID controller and the active vibration reduction system controlled by the fuzzy PID controller.The results show that the ac-tive vibration reduction system can be larger than the passive vibration reduction system.Reduce the vibration amplitude of the workpiece;the active vibration reduction system controlled by the fuzzy PID controller has the characteristics of small amplitude,low control voltage and low energy consumption,and the vibration suppression rate is increased by about 9%compared with the traditional PID controller.Therefore,the active vibration reduction system for turning of slender workpieces controlled by fuzzy PID controller can effectively limit the vibration amplitude and improve the stability of turning.

关 键 词：细长工件 电液执行器 主动减振 控制 仿真 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U463[机械工程—车辆工程]