不同粒径菇渣混配基质理化性状及对番茄幼苗生长的影响  

Analysis of physical and chemicalcroperties of mixed substrates with different particle sizes of mushroom residues and seedling effects on tomato

作　　者：迪达尔·也尔森 张福明 张博文 齐山 梁琼[1] 刘克锋[1] 王顺利[1] 石生伟 YEERSEN·Didar;ZHANG Fuming;ZHANG Bowen;QI Shan;LIANG Qiong;LIU Kefeng;WANG Shunli;SHI Shengwei(College of Biological and Resource Environment,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Service center for agricultural cultivation in Pinggu district,Beijing 101200,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院生物与资源环境学院,北京102206 [2]北京平谷区种植业服务中心,北京101200

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2023年第4期8-14,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：北京市教委一般资助项目(SQKM201810020004);北京市平谷区博士农场资助项目;北京农学院华北都市农业重点实验室资助项目“添加废弃无土栽培基质对设施生菜生长及根区土壤理化特性影响评价”(BUAPSP202202)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了寻找番茄育苗基质菇渣与两种无机材料(膨胀蛭石和粉煤灰)的最佳配方。【方法】设置大颗粒(1.00~3.00 mm)和小颗粒(0.50~1.00 mm)菇渣的5种粒径配比以及和膨胀蛭石与粉煤灰的配对处理,比较不同基质配方的理化性状和番茄育苗效果,筛选出最优粒径配比的番茄育苗基质配方。【结果】随着小颗粒(0.50~1.00 mm)所占比例的增加,菇渣复配基质的通气孔隙度和总孔隙度显著下降(P<0.05)。粉煤灰替代膨胀蛭石后,各处理基质的容重增加28%~36%,电导率(EC)增加5%~23%,而碱解氮降低18%~43%,通气孔隙度降低31%~55%,田间持水量增加3%~30%(P<0.05)。番茄育苗效果的综合评价结果表明,当复配基质中菇渣大、小颗粒比例为1∶5时,较适宜于添加膨胀蛭石系列基质;当菇渣大、小颗粒的比例为5∶1时,较适宜于添加粉煤灰系列基质。冗余分析发现番茄育苗效果与基质持水孔隙度、pH值和容重均呈显著正相关。【结论】不同的颗粒粒径配比对复配基质的容重、pH、EC具有显著影响,建议根据菇渣的颗粒粒径分布而选择最优的无机材料而生产优质育苗基质。[Objective]The research aimed to explore the formulation of high-quality tomato seedling substrate using mushroom residues with different ratios in particle sizes and two inorganic materials(expanded vermiculite and coal fly).[Methods]By setting the five ratios of large particles(1.00~3.00 mm)and small particles(0.50~1.00 mm)mushroom residues and the pairing treatment with expanded vermiculite and coal fly,the better substrate formulas with the optimal particle size ratio was screened according to the physicochemical properties and tomato seedling effects.[Results]The total porosity and ventilatory porosity of the mushroom residue compound matrix decreased significantly with increasing proportion of small particles(0.50~1.00 mm)(P<0.05)After coal fly replaced expanded vermiculite,the bulk density of substrate increased by 28%~36%,EC increased by 5%~23%,while alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased by 18%~43%,the porosity of ventilation decreased by 31%~55%,and the water holding capacity in the field increased by 3%~30%(P<0.05).According to the comprehensive evaluation results of tomato seedling raising effect,when the ratio of large and small particles of mushroom residue in the compound substrate was 1∶5,it was more suitable to add expanded vermiculite into substrate.When the ratio of large and small particles of mushroom residue was 5∶1,it was more suitable for adding coal fly into substrate.Redundancy analysis showed that the effect of substrate seedling raising was positively correlated with water-holding porosity,pH value and bulk density.[Conclusion]Different particle size ratios have significant effects on the bulk density,pH,EC.It is recommended to select the optimal inorganic material according to the particle size distribution of mushroom residue to produce high-quality seedling substrates.

关 键 词：粉煤灰 蛭石 菇渣 粒径 番茄 幼苗 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]