6个无刺红花椒品系特征的比较  

Comparison of six strains features of non-thorn prickly ash

作　　者：史易娟 王刚 李孟楼 SHI Yijuan;KUANYSH Kassen;LI Menglou(College of Plant Protection,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;Lam College,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2023年第4期51-57,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：陕西省科技厅科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTTSNY03-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】为确定在陕西关中定植培育的6种无刺花椒品系的表型特征和生长习性的差异,明确无刺红花椒不同品系间的异同。【方法】2004年开始发掘与培育多个无刺品系,连续多年栽植和观察,2019年起对各品系开花结实等物候期记录,对果穗、复叶和枝条等表型性状的调查和测量。【结果】物候观察表明,品系1号萌芽、坐果和成熟期较早,品系3、4、6、10和16号萌芽及坐果期较晚,但3、4和10号较1号晚熟15~20 d,6和16号较1号晚熟25~35 d。产量性状测定表明,1、3、6、10果穗较大,4和16果穗则较小,4和6号果穗鲜质量>3和10号>16号>1号,3、4、6和10号果粒直径>16号>1号,4、6和10号0.5 m枝条鲜果产量>3和6号>1号。形态表征指标观察和测量表明,各品系在复叶的小叶数、叶型、叶缘齿、叶脉、枝条的皮纹及皮孔相关指标存在差异,其中1号叶面呈波浪型、顶叶较宽大,3、10和16号有隐脉,1和10号叶片侧脉几乎均被闭缘脉包被;4、6、10和16号自然抽梢力较强,3、6、10、16号修剪后萌枝力较弱。【结论】6个无刺红花椒品系里面1号早熟,叶面呈波浪型、无隐脉,萌枝力弱,果穗较大而膨松;3号中熟,具隐脉,萌枝力较弱,果穗较大而膨松;4号中熟,无隐脉,萌枝力强,果穗小而紧实;6号晚熟,无隐脉,枝软而直,萌枝力较强,果穗较大而紧实;10号中熟,具隐脉,侧脉被闭缘脉包被,萌枝力强,果穗大而膨松;16号晚熟,具隐脉,新梢呈扭曲状,主枝和老枝常下垂,萌枝力强,果穗小而紧实。此外,各品系的萌枝力差别较大,应根据其萌枝特性采取不同的修剪措施。[Objective]In order to determine the phenotypic characteristics and growth habits of 6 varieties of prickly ash cultivated in central Shaanxi Province,this study conducted several years of planting and observation,and investigated the similarities and differences among different varieties of prickly ash.[Methods]Several prickly ash varieties were excavated and cultivated in 2004.Since 2019,phenological period of each variety,such as flowering and fruiting,was observed and recorded,and phenotype characters(e.g.,ear,compound leaf and branch)were investigated and measured.[Results]Phenological observations show that,strain 1 had earlier germination period,fruit setting and ripening period,and that strains 3,4,6,10 and 16 sprout period and fruit set period later.But strains 3,4 and 10 mature about 15-20 days later than 1,strains 6 and 16 mature about 25-35 days later than strains 1.The determination of yield characters showed that,strains 1,3,6 and 10 had larger ears,strains 4 and 16 had smaller ears.The fresh weight of ear of strains 4 and 6>3 and 10>16>1.The fresh fruit yield of 0.5 m branch of strains 4,6 and 10>3 and 6>1.The observation and measurement of morphological features indexes show that,there were differences in the number of lobules,leaf type,leaf margin teeth,leaf veins,dermatoglyphics and lenticels characteristic of branches among different strains.The blade surface of strain 1 is wavy and the top leaves is broad.There were saphenous veins on leaves of strains 3,10 and 16,the lateral veins of strain 1 and 10 leaf blades were almost enveloped by marginal veins.The strains 4,6,10 and 16 had strong natural sprout out branches ability,while strains 3,6,10 and 16 had weak sprout out branches ability after pruning.[Conclusion]The characteristics of six non-thorn prickly ash strains showed that:Strains 1 precocious,the leaf surface is wavy,no saphenous vein,the ability of sprouting branches is weak,and the fruit ears were relatively bigger and loose.No.3 middle maturity,with saphenous veins,the ability of sp

关 键 词：花椒 无刺品系 物候 表型特征 

分 类 号：S722.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]