基于四大家鱼栖息地模拟的汉江下游生态流量研究  

Ecological flow in lower Hanjiang River based on habitat simulation of four major Chinese carps

作　　者：费启航 彭涛[1,2] 由星莹[3,4] 刘伯娟 石小涛 FEI Qihang;PENG Tao;YOU Xingying;LIU Bojuan;SHI Xiaotao(College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Education Center of the Ministry of Education for Ecological Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Hanjiang Xinlong Water Conservancy Project Management Bureau,Qianjiang 433126,China;Hubei Institute of Water Resources and Survey and Design,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省汉江兴隆水利枢纽管理局,湖北潜江433126 [4]湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第10期35-43,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202109);国家自然科学基金项目(52009065)。

摘　　要：梯级水库运行显著改变了河流自然水文情势,对河流水生态系统产生不利影响。选择四大家鱼作为汉江下游的指示物种,考虑四大家鱼对栖息地流速和水深的喜好性,构建了产卵期和生长期适宜度指数曲线,采用River 2D水动力模型,模拟了不同流量下四大家鱼适宜栖息地状况的变化,提出维持四大家鱼产卵期与生长期需求的生态流量及高流量脉冲。结果表明:汉江下游四大家鱼产卵期最小和适宜生态流量分别为1310,3520 m^(3)/s,每年提供至少2次持续时间不低于3 d、流量不低于1310 m^(3)/s的高流量脉冲,以刺激四大家鱼自然产卵,增加产卵规模;生长期最小和适宜生态流量分别为441,1520 m^(3)/s。与Tennant法和实际生态监测对比,River 2D水动力模型计算结果较为合理可靠。但与历史实测流量过程比较,产卵期生态流量满足率不高,需择机实施汉江中下游梯级水利枢纽联合生态调度,提高生态流量满足程度。The operation of cascade reservoirs has significantly changed the natural hydrological regime of rivers,leading to adverse impacts on the river water ecosystem.The four major Chinese carps were selected as the indicator species in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River,and considering the preferences of the four major Chinese carps for the flow velocity and water depth in the habitat,a suitability index curve for spawning and growth periods was constructed.The River 2D hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the changes of the suitable habitat of the four major Chinese carps under different flow conditions.Combined with habitat simulation and hydrological regime in the natural period,the ecological flow and high flow pulse to maintain the demand of the four major Chinese carps during spawning and growth periods were proposed.The results show that the minimum and suitable ecological flow of the four major Chinese carps in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River is 1310 m^(3)/s and 3520 m^(3)/s,respectively.High flow pulse with a duration of no less than 3 days and flow no less than 1310 m^(3)/s at least twice a year should be provided to stimulate the natural spawning and increase the spawning scale of the four major Chinese carps.The minimum and suitable ecological flows during the growth period are 441 m^(3)/s and 1520 m^(3)/s,respectively.Compared with the Tennant method and the actual ecological monitoring,the calculation results in this study are more reasonable and reliable,but compared with the historical measured flow process,the satisfaction rate of ecological flow during the spawning period of the four major Chinese carps are not high enough.Therefore,it is necessary to choose an opportunity to implement the joint ecological dispatch of cascade water conservancy projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River to improve the satisfaction degree of ecological flow.

关 键 词：生态流量 栖息地模型 River 2D 四大家鱼 汉江下游 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]