复种马铃薯田间除草剂的优选及安全性评价  

Optimization of Herbicides and Their Selective Evaluation in Multiple Cropping Potato Fields

作　　者：张武[1,2] 张文伟 高彦萍 吴雁斌[1,2] 王芳芳 杨昕宇[1] 吕和平 梁宏杰 ZHANG Wu;ZHANG Wen-wei;GAO Yan-ping;WU Yan-bin;WANG Fang-fang;YANG Xin-yu;LYU He-ping;LIANG Hong-jie(Potato Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Potato Seed(Seedling)Virus Detection and Evaluation Engineering of Techonology Research Center,Lanzhou 730070,China;Qingyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingyang 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省马铃薯脱毒种薯(种苗)病毒检测及安全评价工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [3]庆阳市农业科学研究院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《杂草学报》2023年第2期41-48,共8页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(编号:2021GAAS52);甘肃省农业科学院科技成果转化项目(编号:2021GAAS-CGZH03);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发项目(编号:2021GAAS28)。

摘　　要：为解决复种马铃薯田间次生油菜、次生小麦及杂草对马铃薯的危害,筛选高效安全的除草剂及施药模式。除草剂在播种后第3天喷施,茎叶除草剂在马铃薯植株8~10 cm后喷施,采用随机区组设计进行田间药效试验。除草剂施用70%嗪草酮WP 30 g/667 m^(2)+10.8%精喹禾灵EC 30 mL/667 m^(2)+33%二甲戊灵EC 35 mL/667 m^(2),施药后25 d对次生油菜等阔叶杂草的防效达84.61%,对次生小麦等禾本科杂草的防效达69.69%;茎叶除草剂施用3%砜嘧磺隆WP 33 g/667 m^(2)+12%烯草酮EC 30 mL/667 m^(2)效果最佳,施药后15 d对次生油菜等阔叶杂草的防效达84.36%,对次生小麦等禾本科杂草的防效达86.86%;2种处理在规范使用剂量下对马铃薯安全。复种马铃薯土壤封闭除草剂推荐选用70%嗪草酮WP+10.8%精喹禾灵EC+33%二甲戊灵EC,在马铃薯播种后3~5 d于地表面喷施;茎叶除草剂推荐选用3%砜嘧磺隆WP+12%烯草酮EC,在马铃薯苗后8~10 cm、杂草3~4叶期喷施。We selected the efficient and selective herbicides and application modes to eliminate the damage of secondary rapeseed,secondary wheat and weeds to potato in the multiple cropping field.The pre-emergence herbicides were sprayed on the 3rd day after sowing,and the post-emergence herbicides were sprayed after the potato plant of 8~10 cm.The efficacy test was conducted using a randomized block design in the field.The pre-emergence herbicides,metribuzin 70%WP at 30 g/667 m^(2)+quizalofop-p-ethyl 10.8%EC at 30 mL/667 m^(2)+pendimethalin 33%EC at 35 mL/667 m^(2),had control effects of 84.61%on broadleaf weeds such as secondary rape and 69.69%on gramineous weeds such as secondary wheat after 25 days of application.The post-emergence herbicides,rimsulfuron 3%WP at 33 g/667 m^(2)+clethodim 12%EC at 30 mL/667 m^(2),had the best application effect.After 15 days of application,the control effect on broadleaf weeds such as secondary rape reached 84.36%,and the control effect on gramineous weeds such as secondary wheat reached 86.86%.Both the two herbicides were selective to potatoes at regulated doses.the pre-emergence herbicides were recommended to use metribuzin 70%WP+quizalofop-p-ethyl 10.8%EC+pendimethalin 33%EC sprayed on the ground surface at 3-5 days after sowing.The recommended post-emergence herbicides were rimsulfuron 3%WP+clethodim 12%EC sprayed after the potato plant of 8~10 cm and the 3~4 leaves stage of weeds.

关 键 词：复种马铃薯 土壤封闭除草剂 茎叶除草剂 防效 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.22[农业科学—植物保护]