人力资本积累与财政支农驱动的相对贫困缓解——理论分析与经验证据  

Human Capital Accumulation and Relative Poverty Alleviation Driven by Financial Support for Agriculture:Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Evidence

作　　者：王文波 Wang Wenbo

机构地区：[1]深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《经济问题探索》2023年第10期115-134,共20页Inquiry Into Economic Issues

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第72批面上资助项目“经济新常态下房地产企业风险监测预警与防控策略研究”(2022M722193),主持人:王文波。

摘　　要：改善农村相对贫困是我国未来贫困治理的重点,也是实现乡村振兴的重要环节与关键机制。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,本文运用Probit模型、FE模型、OLS模型、2SLS模型和QR模型,考察了财政支农支出、人力资本积累与农村相对贫困之间的关系。研究表明,财政支农支出显著降低了农村家庭的相对贫困程度,有利于缓解农村居民的收入不均等问题。财政支农支出可以通过促进农村家庭人力资本积累,并进而降低家庭贫困程度。往期财政支农支出对降低家庭相对贫困程度也存在促进作用,有利于家庭长期减贫和稳定脱贫。分位数回归显示,财政支农支出对相对贫困程度较高家庭的减贫效果更为明显,有利于缓解深层贫困。在家庭异质性影响上,财政支农支出对从事农业生产为主家庭、教育水平较低的家庭以及人口规模较小家庭相对贫困的影响更为显著。本文为探寻农村家庭人力资本积累的影响因素提供了新的视角,对构建有利于农村相对贫困治理和稳定脱贫的公共财政体系具有重要参考价值。Improving rural relative poverty is the focus of China's future poverty governance,and also an important link and key mechanism to achieve rural revitalization.Based on the data of Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper uses Probit model,FE model,OLS model,2SLS model and QR model to investigate the relationship between financial agriculture on expenditure,human capital accumu-lation and rural relative poverty.The research shows that the fiscal support for agriculture expenditure has significantly reduced the relative poverty level of rural households,which is conducive to alleviating the in-come inequality problem of rural residents.Financial expenditure on agriculture can promote the accumula-tion of human capital in rural households,and then affect the relative poverty of households.The previous financial expenditure on agricultural support also has a promoting effect on reducing the relative poverty lev-el of households,which is conducive to long-term poverty reduction and stable poverty alleviation of households.Quantile regression shows that the fiscal support for agriculture expenditure has a more signifi-cant poverty reduction effect on households with relatively high levels of poverty,which is beneficial for al-leviating deep poverty.In terms of heterogeneity,the impact of fiscal support for agriculture expenditure on relative poverty among households mainly engaged in agricultural production,households with lower ed-ucation levels,and households with smaller population sizes is more significant.This paper provides a new perspective for exploring the influencing factors of rural family human capital accumulation and has impor-tant reference value for building a public finance system conducive to rural relative poverty management and stable poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：相对贫困 稳定脱贫 财政支农 人力资本积累 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F304.8[经济管理—产业经济]