紫云英与稻草还田替代部分化肥对双季稻产量和土壤活性有机碳的影响  

Effects of Returning Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw to Replace Partial Fertilizers on Double Season Rice Yield and Soil Labile Organic Carbon

作　　者：谢雪 鲁艳红[1,3] 廖育林 聂军[1,3] 张江林 孙玉桃[1,3] 曹卫东 高雅洁 XIE Xue;LU YanHong;LIAO YuLin;NIE Jun;ZHANG JiangLin;SUN YuTao;CAO WeiDong;GAO YaJie(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125;College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changsha 410125;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源学院,长沙410128 [3]农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第18期3585-3598,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-22-G-11);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2046)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于连续4年田间定位试验,探究紫云英与稻草翻压还田替代部分化肥对双季稻产量以及稻田土壤有机碳组分、碳库管理指数的影响。【方法】开展双季稻田间定位试验,测定早、晚稻产量及连续试验4年后的土壤有机碳和土壤高活性、中活性、活性及非活性有机碳含量,计算土壤碳库管理指数。试验设6个处理:(1)冬闲+氮、磷、钾化肥(CF);(2)翻压紫云英+氮、磷、钾化肥(MV);(3)冬闲+稻草低量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(RSl);(4)冬闲+稻草高量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(RSh);(5)翻压紫云英+稻草低量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(MV+RSl);(6)翻压紫云英+稻草高量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥MV+RSh)。晚稻收获后,采集0—15 cm耕层土壤,采用重铬酸钾法测定土壤有机碳含量,高锰酸钾氧化法测定土壤高活性(33 mmol·L^(-1))、中活性(167 mmol·L^(-1))、活性(333 mmol·L^(-1))有机碳含量。【结果】等氮磷钾养分投入量下,MV+RSh处理的双季稻产量与CF、RSl处理差异显著,其他处理间水稻产量无显著差异,双季稻总产量RSl处理最高,为13347 kg·hm-2,MV+RSh处理最低,为11687 kg·hm^(-2)。连续试验4年后,MV+RSh、RSh、MV+RSl、RSl、MV处理的土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加42.0%、32.9%、29.9%、28.3%、26.3%(P<0.05);各处理的土壤活性有机碳含量提高了23.9%—56.4%,MV+RSh、RSh、MV+RSl、RSl、MV处理土壤非活性有机碳含量分别显著增加了37.3%、28.6%、25.8%、24.1%、23.4%(P<0.05)。相比CF处理,MV+RSh、MV+RSl、MV、RSh、RSl处理下土壤高活性有机碳含量增加了12.3%—27.7%,中活性有机碳含量增加了5.6%—20.0%,活性有机碳含量增加了9.9%—26.3%。翻压紫云英和稻草还田显著提高了土壤碳库管理指数,CF、MV、RSl、MV+RSl、RSh、MV+RSh处理使得土壤碳库管理指数增加了25.5%—61.7%。【结论】连续4年等氮磷钾养分投入下,翻压紫云英、稻草还田替代部分化肥用量可以保证双季�【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing partial chemical fertilizers with Chinese milk vetch and rice straw on double rice yield and the soil labile organic carbon fractions,carbon pool management index of the paddy soil based on four consecutive years of field experiment.【Method】The double-season rice field experiment was conducted,and then yield of rice yield early and late rice,contents of soil organic carbon,soil high labile,medium labile,labile and no labile organic carbon were measured after four years experiment,then soil carbon pool management index were calculated.There were six treatments:(1)Winter fallow+N,P,K(CF);(2)Chinese milk vetch+N,P,K(MV);(3)Winter fallow+low weight of rice straw returning+N,P,K(RSl);(4)Winter fallow+high weight of rice straw returning+N,P,K(RSh);(5)Chinese milk vetch+low weight of rice straw returning+N,P,K(MV+RSl);(6)Chinese milk vetch+high weight of rice straw returning+N,P,K(MV+RSh).After harvest of late rice,0-15 cm surface soil was collected.Potassium dichromate method was used to determine the content of soil organic carbon,and potassium permanganate oxidation method was used to determine the content of soil organic carbon with high labile(33 mmol·L_(-1)),medium labile(167 mmol·L^(-1))and labile(333 mmol·L^(-1)).【Result】Under the equal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient inputs,the double-season rice yield under the MV+RSh treatment differed significantly from the CF and RSl treatments,while there was no significant difference in rice yield between the other treatments,and the total double-season rice yield was the highest under the RSl treatment at 13347 kg·hm^(-2) and the lowest in the MV+RSh treatment at 11687 kg·hm-2.After four years of continuous trials,the MV+RSh,RSh,MV+RSl,RSl,and MV treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon by 42.0%,32.9%,29.9%,28.3%,and 26.3%(P<0.05),respectively;soil labile organic carbon content was increased by 23.9%-56.4%in each treatment,and soil no labile organic

关 键 词：紫云英还田 稻草还田 土壤有机碳 土壤活性有机碳 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]