国内苜蓿田杂草化学防除研究进展  

Research progress on the chemical control of weeds in alfalfa fields in China

作　　者：冀鋆 王晓丽 李俊 于林清[1] 王文颖 JI Jun;WANG Xiaoli;LI Jun;YU Linqing;WANG Wenying(State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock/Inner Mongolia Engineering Technology Research Center of Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization/School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院/内蒙古自治区高校生物种质资源保护与利用工程研究中心/省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第10期2670-2681,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021BS03032、2021MS03033);省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室开放课题(2021KF0304);内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS0020);科技创新2030课题(2022ZD0401103)。

摘　　要：苜蓿(Medicago sativa)是全球栽培最早、分布最广的豆科牧草,草害是制约苜蓿产量和品质提高的主要因素。化学防除是目前防治杂草的主要方法,为了解不同类型除草剂对苜蓿田杂草的防除效果及对苜蓿的影响,以“苜蓿”和“除草剂”为主题检索CNKI数据库,梳理总结了国内近20年内苜蓿田杂草化学防控相关研究,旨在为苜蓿田杂草高效防控和除草剂科学施用提供参考。结果表明,苜蓿田杂草化学防除土壤封闭剂较优选择为氟乐灵、仲丁灵,茎叶处理剂较优选择为草除灵、咪唑乙烟酸和氯酯磺草胺,安全高效的组合为高效氟吡甲禾灵与苯达松或草除灵混用。未来应结合苜蓿田生产实际,加强不同生长期除草剂应用研究,同时重视除草剂药害问题,使研究更好地服务于我国苜蓿产业的发展。Alfalfa(Medicago sativa),known as the“queen of all forage crops”is one of the most widely distributed leguminous plant species in the world.Weeds are the most important factor restricting the yield and quality improvement of alfalfa,with chemical herbicides being the main method applied to control their growth in alfalfa fields.Hence,to provide a reference for the high-efficiency control of weeds and scientific application of herbicides in alfalfa fields,we searched the CNKI database for domestic research studies conducted on“alfalfa”and“herbicides”in the recent 20 years and summarized the data from the papers that reported on chemical herbicides for controlling weeds in alfalfa fields.Our results showed that trifluralin and butralin were the preferred soil sealing herbicides,whereas benazolin-ethyl,imazethapyr,and cloransulam-methyl were the preferred agents for treating stems and leaves.The safest and most efficient herbicide combinations were bentazone+haloxyfop-P-methyl and benazolin-ethyl+haloxyfop-P-methyl.In the future,based on the actual productivity of alfalfa fields,researchers should strengthen study on the application of herbicides at different growth stages and pay attention to the issue of herbicide damage,so as to better serve the development of China’s alfalfa industry.

关 键 词：苜蓿 除草剂 封闭处理 茎叶处理 防效 安全性 杂草 

分 类 号：S451.23[农业科学—植物保护]