播期对新疆北疆膜下滴灌春大豆产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of sowing date on the yield and water use efficiency of spring soybean under drip irrigation with film cover in northern Xinjiang

作　　者：闫博文 胥雅馨 马鹏 郜全同 王聪[1] 章建新[1] 薛丽华[2] 孙诗仁[2] YAN Bowen;XU Yaxin;MA Peng;GAO Quantong;WANG Cong;ZHANG Jianxin;XUE Lihua;SUN Shiren(Agricultural College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第10期50-65,共16页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160520);新疆大豆高产优质高效关键技术研究(2022A02008-2)。

摘　　要：为探究适时早播对膜下滴灌春大豆干物质积累分配、产量及水分利用效率的影响,于2021和2022年采用裂区试验设计,设置B1(4月3日、4月7日)、B2(4月11日、4月14日)、B3(4月19、4月21日)、B4(正常播期4月27日、4月28日)4个播期处理为主区,副区为2个品种(‘合农71’和‘新大豆27’),测定大豆植株叶面积指数、群体光合势、干物质积累分配和转运、产量及水分利用效率等指标。结果表明:早播处理B1和B2分别较B4生育进程提前8~12和3~8 d,总生育期延长7~14和2~8 d,最大叶面积指数增加2.12%~30.70%和9.53%~19.62%,总光合势增加2.42%~32.29%和9.58%~18.78%,总干物质积累量增加2.42%~32.29%和9.58%~18.78%,产量增加8.70%~32.90%和13.13%~21.70%,水分利用效率提高27.27%~41.49%、22.78%~35.23%。因此,4月上旬播种是北疆膜下滴灌春大豆的适宜播期,有利于节水增产。In order to investigate the effects of timely and early sowing on dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and water use efficiency of spring soybean under drip irrigation under film,a split plot experimental design was adopted in 2021and 2022.Four different sowing dates treatments were set as main area,which were treatment B1(04-03,04-07),treatment B2(04-11,04-14),treatment B3(04-19,04-21)and treatment B4(normal sowing dates 04-27,04-28).Two varieties,‘Henong 71’and‘Xindadou 27’,were set as the secondary area.The leaf area index,population photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation distribution and transport,yield and water use efficiency of soybean were determined.The results show that:The growth process of B1and B2was 8-12and 3-8dearlier than that of B4,respectively.The total growth period was extended 7-14and 2-8d,and the maximum leaf area index was increased by 2.12%-30.70%and 9.53%-19.62%,respectively.The total photosynthetic potential increased by 2.42%-32.29%and 9.58%-18.78%,total dry matter accumulation increased by 2.42%-32.29%and 9.58%-18.78%,yield increased by 8.70%-32.90%and 13.13%-21.70%,and water use efficiency increased by 27.27%-41.49%and 22.78%-35.23%.Therefore,the sowing in early April is the suitable for spring soybean under drip irrigation under film in northern Xinjiang,which is beneficial to water saving and yield increasing.

关 键 词：播期 膜下滴灌 春大豆 干物质 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]