浮动抵押的兴起与异变  

Rise and Transformation of Floating Charge

作　　者：葛伟军 Ge Weijun(Law School,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《政法论丛》2023年第5期27-42,共16页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目《受益股东的法律地位及权利保护研究》(批准号:21BFX096)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：英国法下浮动抵押的制度优越性,主要在于债务人可以物尽其用,既不影响顺利融资,又能够自由处分抵押物。在争议声中引入我国后,过往《物权法》的条文无法展现出浮动抵押的全貌。关于设立、登记和结晶的条款过于简陋,导致解释和适用上的困难。实践中产生的浮动质押(动态质押)、应收账款浮动质押等现象,充分体现了浮动抵押的价值,及其在整个动产及权利领域适用的必要性。《民法典》沿袭了浮动抵押的基本框架并对其改造,固定抵押和浮动抵押之间的区别已经淡化,同时浮动抵押的功能优势得以保留。整体的改革方向从英式转向美式。浮动抵押的财产范围应当扩大到所有的动产和权利,并据此在《民法典》中做出合理的体系安排。The strength of the floating charge under English law lies in the fact that the debtors may make the best use of everything because it is easy for the debtors to borrow money while not disturbing their abilities to dispose of the charged properties.After being introduced into China in the midst of the controversy,however,the provisions of Property Law fail to show the complete picture of floating charge.The regulations on the creation,registration and crystallization are too simple in the explanation and application of the law.The arising of floating or dynamic pledge,as well as floating pledge on receivables,fully reflects the advantages of floating charge,and the necessity to extend floating charge to the whole area of movables and rights.The Civil Code follows the basic framework of floating charge and transforms it.The distinction between fixed and floating charge has faded,but the functional advantages of floating charge remain.The whole direction of reform is to shift from English law to American law.The scope of charged properties under floating charge should be extended to all movable property and rights,and a reasonable system arrangement should be made in the Civil Code accordingly.

关 键 词：物权法 民法典 动产抵押 浮动抵押 浮动质押 

分 类 号：DF59[政治法律—民商法学]