“毗连区第一案”的司法解析及中国应对  

Judicial Analysis of “The First Case Concerning Contiguous Zone” and China’s Response

作　　者：朱利江[1] Zhu Lijiang(School of International Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政法论丛》2023年第5期85-95,共11页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项“基于中国立场的海洋争端解决机制实证研究”(19VHQ008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：毗连区是沿海国维护海洋权益、开展海上执法的重要海域,却是《联合国海洋法公约》规定的八大海域中法律规范最简单、司法实践最稀缺的海域,长期以来存在规范性质不清、权限边界不明的顽疾。国际法院2022年4月21日对尼加拉瓜诉哥伦比亚“加勒比海主权权利和海洋空间案”作出的判决是有史以来国际裁判中的“毗连区第一案”。尽管该案推理存在一定的司法缺陷,但法院仍然在《公约》毗连区制度的习惯国际法性质、毗连区的设置与划界、毗连区管制目的方面作出了司法创新。这与法院追求《公约》普遍性、有效性和完整性的政策取向不无关系。中国支持《公约》的普遍性、有效性和完整性,可先暂时不删除安全管制目的,但需要防备其他缔约国对这一规定提起强制仲裁。Contiguous zone is an important maritime zone of safeguarding maritime rights and strengthening maritime law enforcement for coastal states.Nevertheless,the legal regime of this zone in the UNCLOS has the least number of provisions and fewest judicial practice,and have the problems of unclearness of the norm natures and power limits.ICJ's 2022 judgment between Nicaragua and Colombia is the very first case on contiguous zone delivered by an international court in the true sense.Although there are judicial deficiencies in its reasoning,it makes innovative contributions to the UNCLOS provisions in terms of the nature of the contiguous zone provisions,the establishment and delimitation of contiguous zone,and the purposes of contiguous zone,which demonstrates the judicial policy of the Court to pursue the universality,effectiveness and integrity of the UNCLOS.China needs to be alert of the potential for foreign countries to launch compulsory arbitration on the security purpose in the national law on contiguous zone.

关 键 词：毗连区 国家安全 司法政策 国际习惯 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]