工作专班如何落实非常规任务?——重构科层制治理的一个分析框架  

How Can"Task Force"Carry Out Unconventional Tasks?An Analytical Framework for Reconstructing Bureaucratic Governanc

作　　者：李娉[1] 杨宏山[2] Li Ping;Yang Hongshan

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京市102206 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2023年第4期74-87,M0006,共15页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“组织学习视角下新中国政策试点的历史实践与经验研究”(22CZZ023);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色政策试验与政府间学习机制研究”(19ZDA123)的研究成果。

摘　　要：工作专班是中国国家治理体系应对复杂问题的一种常见组织形态,既承担任务协调的功能,又负责具体项目的落实到位。非常规任务与科层制治理的内在张力是设置工作专班的逻辑起点,工作专班不是对科层制常态运作的替代,而是应对环境突变的一种调适机制。它利用科层体系的现有资源,构建跨部门、跨层级、跨领域的治理结构,在科层组织中嵌入隐形化的项目团队,推动非常规任务的高效落实。2008年北京夏季奥运会工作专班“08环境办”的典型案例研究显示,该专班依靠任务驱动的人员抽调机制、责任驱动的资源抽取机制、项目驱动的知识应用机制、业绩驱动的评优激励机制进行运作。工作专班有效提升了国家治理体系落实非常规任务的能力,为重构科层制治理积累了新经验。Task forces are common organizational forms for Chinese governance to deal with complex issues.They not only undertake the function of task coordination,but also are responsible for the implementation of specific projects.Existing literature mainly analyzed the discussion and coordination function of"leading group"but paid less attention to the operation mechanism of the Task forces.This study takes the internal tension between unconventional tasks and bureaucratic governance as a logical starting point to explore the organizational logic of Task forces.The task forces use the existing resources of the bureaucratic system to build cross-departmental,cross-level,and cross-field governance structure,and embed invisible project teams in the bureaucratic organization to promote the efficient implementation of non-routine tasks.A typical case study of the"08 Environmental Office"of the Beijing Olympics found that the task forces relied on task-driven personnel transfer mechanism,responsibility-driven resource extraction mechanism,project-driven knowledge application mechanism,and performance-driven evaluation and incentive mechanism to operate.From the perspective of organizational reconstructing,the theoretical construction of"how task forces to implement unconventional tasks"is proposed,which will help to enhance the understanding of Chinese governance practices.

关 键 词：工作专班 非常规任务 专班治理 超部门结构 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]