分赫兹引力波探测助推双中子星并合的多信使研究  

Multi-messenger detections of binary neutron star mergers powered by decihertz gravitational-wave observations

作　　者：康亚城 刘畅 朱锦平 邵立晶 KANG YaCheng;LIU Chang;ZHU JinPing;SHAO LiJing(Department of Astronomy,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院天文学系,北京100871 [2]北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所,北京100871 [3]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2023年第10期168-180,共13页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:11975027,11991053,11721303);SKA专项(编号:2020SKA0120300);“马普伙伴合作组”资助项目。

摘　　要：作为目前唯一一例人类明确探测到引力波信号及成协电磁对应体的双中子星并合事件,GW170817的发现提供了诸多天体物理过程与现象的关键信息,标志着多信使天文学新时代的开启.但地基引力波探测设备的探测灵敏频段较高,为双中子星并合事件提供引力波预警信号的能力有限.因此,我们考虑利用空间分赫兹引力波探测器为人们提供足够长时标的引力波信号预警,以实现后随电磁搜寻设备对并合事件的及时响应.在假定四年任务运行周期的条件下,本文重点展示了两类空间分赫兹引力波探测器(B-DECIGO和DO-Conservative)定位双中子星并合事件天区及并合时间的能力.对于在探测器开始运行后1–4年内并合的事件,探测器提供的空间、时间定位的预期结果最好,分别可达ΔΩ~10^(–2)deg^(2)和Δt_(c)~0.2 s.围绕因双中子星并合而产生的各类电磁暂现事件,我们针对高能辐射、紫外-光学-近红外辐射、射电辐射等举例讨论了可能的天体物理过程,以及利用空间分赫兹引力波探测器实现多信使预警探测的独特优势与未来展望.As the only binary neutron star(BNS)merger detected thus far via both gravitational waves(GWs)and definitive electromagnetic(EM)counterparts,GW170817 not only provided crucial information for many astrophysical processes but also opened an exciting era of multi-messenger astronomy.However,due to the high operating frequency,groundbased GW detectors cannot provide alerts with a sufficient early-warning time,making it difficult for EM facilities to capture the early evolution of detectable BNS mergers.In view of this,we assess the detections and early-warning abilities of space-borne decihertz GW detectors for BNS mergers because they can provide alerts much earlier.We discuss the precision in localization and timing for two proposed decihertz GW observatories,B-DECIGO and DOConservative,as an extension of recent work.During an assumed 4-year mission time,sources that merge in 1–4 years will yield the most precise angular resolution withΔΩ~10^(–2)deg^(2)and time-of-merger accuracy withΔt_(c)~0.2 s.After BNS mergers,we examine the possibility of multi-messenger early-warning detections with space-borne decihertz GW detectors for different types of EM transients,coveringγ-ray/X-ray to radio bands.Based on our analyses,we propose that a“wait-for”detection scheme could open up new opportunities for future multi-messenger astronomy.

关 键 词：引力波 中子星 多信使天文学 辐射过程 

分 类 号：P142.84[天文地球—天体物理] P145.6[天文地球—天文学]