欧洲人权法院视野下儿童最大利益原则的程序性转向  

Procedural Transition in the Principle of the Best Interests of the Child in the Eyes of the European Court of Human Rights

作　　者：贺万裕 He Wanyu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权》2023年第4期165-183,共19页Human Rights

摘　　要：儿童最大利益原则作为实质性审查标准存在概念的模糊性与适用的不确定性。为消解儿童最大利益原则的适用困境,欧洲人权法院在解释和适用儿童最大利益原则中呈现出程序性转向,舍弃对儿童案件进行具体的比例分析或利益平衡,转而审查缔约国是否在程序上适用儿童最大利益原则,并发展出整体式、关键要素式和要素清单式三重审查方案。较之实质性审查,程序性审查恪守欧洲人权法院的边际裁量原则,限制法院自由裁量,发挥程序自治效应,追求主观程序正义价值,有其独特的理论价值和实践意义,为我国解释和适用儿童最大利益原则提供一个可行方向。The principle of the best interests of the child,as a criterion for substantive re-view,is conceptually ambiguous and uncertain in its application.To mitigate the dilemma in the application of the principle of the best interests of the child,the European Court of Human Rights(ECHR)has taken a procedural transition in the interpretation and application of this principle,shifting from conducting specific proportionality analysis or interests balancing in ca-ses related to children to examining whether States Parties have applied the principle of the best interests of the child in their judicial procedures.Moreover,ECHR has developed three proce-dural review schemes:holistic review,key factors-based review and factor list-based re-view.Compared with substantive review,procedural review adheres to the ECHR doctrine of margin of appreciation,restricts the free discretion of the court,gives play to the effect of pro-cedural autonomy,and pursues the value of subjective procedural justice,which has its own unique theoretical value and practical significance,and provides a feasible reference for China to interpret and apply the principle of the best interests of the child.

关 键 词：儿童最大利益原则 半程序性审查 边际裁量原则 程序正义理论 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D994[政治法律—法学]