北大秦简《算书》甲种“三方三圆”宇宙模型新探  

A new survey of the cosmological model prescribed in The Computation Book A on Qin bamboo slips collected by Peking University

作　　者：周序林[1] 马永萍 朱金平 李文娟 ZHOU Xu-lin;MA Yong-ping;ZHU Jin-ping;LI Wen-juan(School of Chinese Languages and Literatures,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Chinese Studies,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;School of Foreign Languages and Literatures,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Marxism Studies,Chengdu Vocational&Technical College of Industry,Chengdu 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学中国语言文学学院,四川成都610041 [2]成都中医药大学国学院,四川成都611137 [3]西南民族大学外国语言文学学院,四川成都610041 [4]成都工业职业技术学院马克思主义学院,四川成都610213

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期556-561,共6页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(23XTQ005);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023SYB38)。

摘　　要：北京大学藏秦简《算书》甲种以《鲁久次问数于陈起》为开篇,陈起为了论证“天下之物,无不用数”的观点,论及了“三方三圆”宇宙模型.学界主流观点认为“三方三圆”的基本结构是方内接于圆,通过小圆外切中方、中圆外切大方的嵌套结构将小、中、大三组方圆联系起来,小、中、大三圆的半径比为5∶7∶10.此模型的结构呈现出“外圆内方”的总体特征.“外圆内方”模型所确立的三圆半径比是正确的,但是“外圆内方”模型及其论证过程均存在疑点.“三方三圆”宇宙模型的结构应该是方外切于圆,小、中、大三组方圆的嵌套方式是中圆外接小方、大圆外接中方,呈现出“外方内圆”的总体特征.The Computation Book A on Qin bamboo slips collected by Peking University begins with an article Lu Jiuci asks Chen Qi about Numbers.Chen Qi prescribed a “three-squared and three-circled” cosmological model as an example to illustrate that,of things under heaven,there is nothing that does not involve numbers.The mainstream opinion is that each of these three sets of circles and squares in this model is structured by a circle circumscribing a square,and that the three circles and three squares are interlocked into a cosmological model by circumscribing the square with the circle,with the ratio of the radii of the inner,middle and outer circles being 5∶7∶10.The ratio of the radii of the three circles in the model suggested above has proved correct.However,both the structure of this model and the way to justify it prove doubtful.In fact,the cosmological model prescribed by Chen Qi should have been configured by three circles inscribing three squares,with the ratio of the radii of the inner,middle and outer circles being 5∶7∶10.

关 键 词：北大秦简《算书》甲种 《陈起》篇 宇宙模型 三方三圆 外方内圆 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O11[理学—数学]