苹果园行间自然生草的还田方式对土壤养分及果实品质的影响  

Effects of different returning methods of natural grasses between rows in apple orchards on soil nutrients and fruit quality

作　　者：聂佩显[1] 李国栋 曾文官 薛晓敏[1] 刘雪梅 高文胜 NIE Peixian;LI Guodong;ZENG Wenguan;XUE Xiaomin;LIU Xuemei;GAO Wensheng(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China;Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Shandong MicroGen Biotech Co.,Ltd.,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250100 [3]山东迈科珍生物科技有限公司,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《落叶果树》2023年第5期17-20,共4页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010802);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023B02);山东省果品产业技术体系(SDAIT-06-15);山东省农业科学院揭榜科技难题项目(SHJB2022-41)。

摘　　要：本研究在2018年开始行间自然生草的基础上,对10年生烟富3/M26/八棱海棠苹果园,于2021—2022年连续2年开展了行间草被不同还田方式对苹果园土壤微生物、土壤氮含量、土壤酶活性和果实品质影响的研究。以行间土壤清耕制为对照,设置草被刈割还田和草被刈割+耕翻还田2个处理。于2022年10月15日采集0~20 cm土层样品与果实样品进行测定。结果表明,2个处理较对照均显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤的硝态氮、铵态氮、微生物量氮、有机氮组分中的酸解氨态氮、酸解未知态氮、非酸解性氮含量,且提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,以及显著提高了果实品质。这些作用效果均以草被刈割+耕翻还田处理较好,是一种有效的行间生草管理方式。In this study,10-year-old apple trees(Yanfu 3/M26/Malus robusta)were used as the experimental materials to study the effects of different management methods on soil microorganisms,soil nitrogen content,soil enzyme activity and fruit quality in natural grass apple orchards and conventional cultivated apple orchards in 2021-2022.This experiment used conventional tillage as the control and set up conventional mowing management(NGM)and soil plowing annually under natural sod culture with conventional mowing condition(NGR)treatments.On October 152022,soil samples with a depth of 0~20 cm and fruit samples at commercial maturity were collected for determination.The results showed that both NGM and NGR treatments significantly increased the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,microbial biomass nitrogen,hydrolysable ammonia,hydrolysable unknown nitrogen and non-hydrolysable nitrogen in 0~20 cm soil layers compared with CK treatment,and enhanced the activities of soil urease,sucrase and catalase,and improved the quality of the fruits.Among the two treatments,NGR treatment has the most significant improvement effect on the above indicators,suggesting that NGR treatment is an effective inter-row grass management technology.

关 键 词：苹果 自然生草 氮组分 酶活性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]