HADAR实验对Fermi-LAT伽马射线源观测的预期研究  

Expectation on observations of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources using the HADAR experiment

作　　者：孙惠英 钱祥利 陈天禄[2] 单增罗布[2] 冯有亮 高启[2] 苟全补[3] 郭义庆[3,4] 胡红波 康明铭[5] 厉海金 刘成 刘茂元[2] 刘伟[3] 乔冰强[3] 王旭 王振 辛广广 姚玉华 袁强 张毅 Sun Hui-Ying;Qian Xiang-Li;Chen Tian-Lu;Danzengluobu;Feng You-Liang;Gao Qi;Gou Quan-Bu;Guo Yi-Qing;Hu Hong-Bo;Kang Ming-Ming;Li Hai-Jin;Liu Cheng;Liu Mao-Yuan;Liu Wei;Qiao Bing-Qiang;Wang Xu;Wang Zhen;Xin Guang-Guang;Yao Yu-Hua;Yuan Qiang;Zhang Yi(School of Intelligent Engineering,Shandong Management University,Jinan 250357,China;Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays,Ministry of Education,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Physics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;Tsung-Dao Lee Institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute,Suzhou 215000,China;College of Physics,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China;Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]山东管理学院智能工程学院,济南250357 [2]西藏大学宇宙线教育部重点实验室,拉萨850000 [3]中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体中心,北京100049 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]四川大学物理学院,成都610064 [6]上海交通大学李政道研究所,上海200240 [7]苏州空天信息研究院,苏州215000 [8]重庆大学物理学院,重庆401331 [9]中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第19期309-323,共15页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12263005,12005120,12147218,U1831208,U2031110);西藏大学宇宙线教育部重点实验室(批准号:KLCR-202201)资助的课题。

摘　　要：高海拔天体辐射探测(high altitude detection of astronomical radiation,HADAR)实验是一个新型的采用纯水作为介质的大气切伦科夫望远镜实验阵列,其采用大口径半球型透镜来收集大气切伦科夫光,以实现对10 GeV—10 TeV能量段的伽马射线和宇宙线的探测.HADAR具有低阈能、高灵敏度和传统成像大气切伦科夫望远镜所不具备的大视场优势,可以对天区进行连续扫描观测,因此将成为全天伽马源的理想观测仪器和爆发源、时变源的理想搜寻探测器.本文基于Fermi-LAT的最新伽马射线源表,详细研究了HADAR实验对这些源的观测能力.对银河系外的源,将这些源的能谱加入河外背景光吸收效应外推至甚高能段.通过对这些源的显著性进行模拟研究,结果显示HADAR运行一年预期有93个伽马射线源以大于5倍的显著性标准偏差被观测到,其中包括45个银河系内的源,39个银河系外的源,3个未知类型的源和6个未关联类型的源.High altitude detection of astronomical radiation(HADAR)is an innovative array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes that employs pure water as its medium.By utilizing large-aperture hemispherical lenses,HADAR can capture atmospheric Cherenkov light,enabling the detection of gamma rays and cosmic rays in the energy range of 10 GeV to 10 TeV.Compared to traditional Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes,HADAR offers distinct advantages such as a low energy threshold,high sensitivity,and a wide field of view.The telescope mainly consists of a hemispherical lens with a diameter of 5 m acting as a Cherenkov light collector,a cylindrical metal tank with a 4 m radius and 7 m height,and an imaging system at the bottom of the tank.The sky region covered by HADAR is much larger than the current generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes.The field of view of HADAR can reach up to 60 degrees.Its continuous scanning capability allows for comprehensive observations of gamma-ray sources throughout the entire celestial sphere,making it an ideal instrument for studying transient and variable sources.In this study,the observational capabilities of HADAR are thoroughly investigated using the latest 4FGL-DR3 and 4LAC-DR3 gamma-ray source catalogs from Fermi-LAT.For extragalactic sources,the energy spectra in the high energy range have been extrapolated to the very high energy range,taking into account the absorption effect caused by extragalactic background light.By comparing the extrapolated results with existing VHE experimental data,the feasibility of this extrapolation method has been demonstrated.Through simulated analyses of the significance of these sources,it is anticipated that HADAR will detect a total of 93 gamma-ray sources with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations during one year of operation.These sources comprise 45 galactic sources,39 extragalactic sources,3 sources of unknown type,and 6 unassociated sources.

关 键 词：HADAR 大气切伦科夫望远镜 伽马射线源 耀变体 

分 类 号：P172.3[天文地球—天文学]